ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS

ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS

ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
VEHICLES) REGULATIONS

ANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS
Regulation Page

PART I

PRELIMINARY

1 Citation and commencement ............. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 5

2. Interpretation ........................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 5
3. Application ........................... A 14

4. Power of Commissioner to exempt .......... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. A 15

PART II

GENERAL

5. Construction and maintenance ................ ... ... ... ... ... A 15
6. Maximum dimensions of vehicles ........ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 16

7. Maximum weight of vehicles ............... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 16

8. Overhang ................................. ... ... .... ... ... A17

9. Motive power .......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 17

10. Power to weight ratio................ .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 18

11. Body ................................ ... ... ... ... ... ... A 18

12. Turning circle ...................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 18

13. Variation of wheel load ..................... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 18

14. Axle loading .......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 19

15. Suspension .......................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 19

16. Brakes ...................................... A 20

17. Parking brake ............................... ... ... ... A 21

18. Vacuum or pressure braking systems .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 21

19. Braking efficiency ....................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 21
20. Wheels and tracks ..................... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 22
21. Tyre of soft or elastic material A23
22. Tyres A 23

23. Steering ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A25
24. Speed indicators ... ... .1 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 25
25. Ability to reverse ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 25
26. Driver's accommodation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... A 26
27. Passenger seating capacity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 26
28. Safety glass or safety glazing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 27

29. Windscreen wipers and washers... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... A 27

30. Silencers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 27

31. Smoke, etc A28
32. Emission of gaseous pollutants, positive-ignition engine ... .... ... ... ... A 28
33. Emission of gaseous pollutants, compression-ignition engine A 29

34. Vehicles to which regulations 32 and 33 do not apply ... ... ... ... ... ... A 29





Regulation Page

35. Mudguards ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 29

36. Mascots and other attachments... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 29

37. Television sets ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 29

38. Warning instruments... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 30

39. Reflecting mirrors ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 ... ... ... A 30

40. Construction of fuel tank ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 31

PART III

TAXIS, BUSES AND LIGHT BUSES

41, Taximeter ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 31
42. Construction of taximeter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ... ... A 31
43. Taximeter drive ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 32
44. Scaling and testing of taximeters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 33
45. Taxis to have illuminated signs and markings ... ... ... ... . ... ... A 33
46. Plates on taxis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 33
47. Painting of vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 33
48. Markings on buses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 34
49. Markings on public light buses and private light buses ... ... ... ... ... A 34
50. Additional markings on public light buses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 34
51. Signs on private light buses carrying students, etc. ... ... ... ... ... ... A 34
52. Maintenance of markings and painting of certain vehicles ... ... .... ... ... A 35
53. Prohibited marking and painting of vehicles other than buses and taxis ... ... A 35
54. Markings on buses, light buses and taxis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 35
55. Stability ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 36
56. Side overhang ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 36
57. Guard rails ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... -A 36
58. Brake and steering connexions ... ... ... .. 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... A 36
59. Hub projection ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 37
60. Fuel tanks, carburettors, etc. on buses and light buses ... ... ... ... ... ... A 37
61. Exhaust pipes on buses and light buses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 38
62. Locking of nuts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 38
63. Artificial lighting ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 38
64. Electrical equipment ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 39
65. Steps, platforms and stairs ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 39
66. Entrances and exits on buses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ... A 40
67. Entrances and exits on light buses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 42
68. Doors ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 43
69. Marking, positioning and operation of emergency exits ... ... ... ... ... A 44
70. Access to exits ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 45
71. Width of gangways ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 45
72. Height of gangways ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 47
73. Passenger seats ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 48
74. Standing passengers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 49
75. Ventilation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 50





Regulation Page

76. Driver's accommodation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 50

77. Windows to be guarded ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A51

78. Luggage racks ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 52

PART IV

GOODS VEHICLES AND SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES

79. Markings on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles ... ... ... ... ... A 52
80. Exhaust pipe on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles ... ... ... ... A 52
81. Passenger accommodation on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles ... A 52

PART V

TRAILERS

82. Markings on trailers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 52
83. Brakes on trailers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 53
84. Mudguards on trailers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 54

PART VI

MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLES

85. Brakes on motor cycles, motor tricycles and invalid carriages ... ... ... ... A 54
86. Tyres and brakes on pedestrian controlled vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... A 55
87. Brakes on bicycles and tricycles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 55
88. Warning instrument on bicycles and tricycles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 56

PART VII

LIGHTING AND REFLECTORS

89. Obligatory front lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 56

90. Character of front lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56

91. Position of obligatory front lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 57

92. Restriction on the nature of lamps to be carried ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 57

93. Multi-purpose lamps and combined lamps and reflectors ... ... ... ... ... A 58

94. Restriction of movement, etc. of lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 58

95. Markings of electric bulbs in front lamps and of front sealed beam lamps ... A 58

96. Obligatory headlamps... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 58

97. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 2 or 3 wheels ... ... ... ... ... A 58

98. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 4 or more wheels . ... ... ... A 59

99. Single units for obligatory front and headlamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 60

100. Requirements for every obligatory headlamp ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 61

101. Requirements for every matched pair of obligatory headlamps ... ... ... ... A 61

102. Colour of headlamp beams ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 61

103. Obligatory rear lamps... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 61

104. Character of obligatory rear lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 61

105. Reversing lamps... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 62





Regulation Page

106. Obligatory reflectors ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 63
107. Character of reflectors ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 63

108. Front corner marker lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 63

109. Side marker lamps ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 64

110. Character of front corner and side marker lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 65

111. Amber lamps on certain vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 66

112. Blue lamps for ambulance vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 66

113. Lamps for illuminating accident and breakdown scenes ... ... ... ... ... A 67

114. Direction indicators ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 67

115. Stop lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 67
116. Maintenance of direction indicators and stop lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... A 68
117. Hazard warning devices ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 68

PART VIII

REAR MARKINGS

118. Application ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 68
119. Fitting of rear markings ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 68
120. Alternative provision for fitting of rear markings ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 69

PART IX

MISCELLANEOUS

121. Offences ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 69
122. Transitional provisions ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 70
123. Revocation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 71

First Schedule. Overall dimensions of vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 71
Second Schedule. Maximum weight of vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 71
Third Schedule. Maximum passenger seating capacity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 7Fourth Schedule. Apparatus for the measurement of smoke or visible vapour emissions from
motor vehicles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 75

Fifth Schedule. Standards for positive-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines A 75
Sixth Schedule. Plates on taxis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 7Seventh Schedule. Requirements as to the number and position on vehicles of obligatory rear
lamps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 7Eighth Schedule. Requirements as to the number and position on vehicles of obligatory
reflectors ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 81

Ninth Schedule. Direction indicators ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 84
Tenth Schedule. Stop lamps ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 90
Eleventh Schedule. Size, colour and type of rear marking ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 92
Twelfth Schedule. Provisions of revoked regulations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A 94





ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
OF VEHICLES) REGULATIONS

(Cap. 374, section 9)

PART I

PRELIMINARY

1. (1) These regulations may be cited as the Road Traffic
(Construction and Maintenance of Vehicles) Regulations and shall,
subject to paragraph (2), come into operation on a day to be appointed
by the Governor by notice in the Gazette and different days may be
appointed under this regulation for different provisions.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), regulations 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
101 and 102 shall come into operation on the expiration of a period of 5
years beginning on the date* on which these regulations are published
in the Gazette.

2. In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires

agricultural implement' means an agricultural implement or agricultural
machine, being in either case a vehicle;

agricultural tractor' means a motor vehicle which is designed or
adapted for use primarily in agriculture and which is not used on a
road for the conveyance of any goods other than agricultural
produce or articles required for the purposes of agriculture;

articulated vehicle' means a motor vehicle with a trailer so attached
that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle, and
when the trailer is uniformly loaded a substantial part of the weight
of the load is borne by the motor vehicle;

axle weight', in relation to each axle of a motor vehicle or trailer,
means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by
all the wheels of that axle; and in counting the number of axles
and in determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the
road surface by any one axle of a vehicle, where the centres of
the areas of contact between all the wheels and the road surface
can be included between any 2 vertical planes at right angles to
the longitudinal axis of the vehicle less than one metre apart,
those wheel shall be treated as constituting one axle;

'braking efficiency', in relation to the application of brakes to a motor
vehicle at any time, means the maximum braking force capable of
being developed by the application of those brakes, expressed as a
percentage of the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle;





'close-coupled', in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on the
same side of the trailer are so fitted that all times while it is in
motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer,
and that the distance between the centres of their respective areas
of contact with the road surface does not exceed 850 millimetres;

'combination of vehicles' means coupled vehicles which travel on the
road as a unit;

'compression-ignition engine' means an engine in which the fuel is
injected into the cylinders or combustion space of the engine and
is there ignited during normal running solely by the heat of
compression of the cylinder charge;



'1926 Convention', '1949 Convention' and '1968 Convention' have
the meanings assigned to them by regulation 2 of the Road Traffic
(Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations;

'deck' means a floor or platform of a vehicle upon which seats are
provided for the accommodation of passengers;

'dipped beam' means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp carried on
a vehicle, being a beam which is deflected downwards or both
downwards and to the left to such an extent that it is at all times
incapable of dazzling any person who is on the same horizontal
plane as the vehicle at a greater distance than 8 metres from the
headlamp and whose eye-level is not less than one metre above
that plane;

'direction indicator' means a device required to be fitted to a motor
vehicle or trailer for the purpose of indicating the intention of the
driver to change the direction of the vehicle to the right or to the
left;

'double-decked bus' means a bus having 2 decks one of which is
wholly or partly above the other and each deck of which is
provided with a gangway serving seats on that deck only;

'dual purpose lamp' means a lamp combining an obligatory front lamp
and an obligatory rear lamp;

'emergency exit' means an exit on a vehicle which is provided for use
only in case of emergency as required by these regulations;

,,engineering plant' means

(a)movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer,
specially designed and constructed for the purposes of road
construction, maintenance or marking, or other engineering
operations, and which

(i) cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes,
comply in all respects with the requirements of these
regulations; and





(ii) is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a
load which is either excavated materials raised from the
ground by apparatus on the motor vehicle or trailer, or
materials which the vehicle or trailer is specially designed to
use or treat while carried thereon; or

(b)a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with the
requirements of these regulations;

,,entrance' means any aperture. or space provided to enable
passengers to board a vehicle;

'exit' means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to
leave a vehicle;

'extreme rear' means the rearmost point for the time being of a vehicle
or a sidecar, inclusive of any luggage carrier and any tailboard or
other adjustable part except when the tailboard or adjustable part
is extended whilst the vehicle is stationary and being loaded or
unloaded;

'fog lamp' means a lamp on a motor vehicle which is to be used
primarily in conditions of fog or mist;

'front corner marker lamp' means a lamp required to be carried by a
trailer by regulation 108 and which shows a white light to the side
and front of the trailer through an arc extending 90 degrees forward
from a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer;

'gangway', in relation to a bus or light bus, means the space provided
for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats or
from any such seat to an exit, other than an emergency exit, but
does not include a staircase or any space in front of a seat which is
required only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or that
row of seats;

'goods-carrying trailer' means a trailer constructed or adapted for use
for the carriage of goods of any description and which is either

(a) a semi-trailer; or

(b)a trailer with 4 or more wheels drawn by a goods vehicle or an
industrial tractor or land tractor;

'gross combined weight' means the actual weight transmitted to the
road surface by all the wheels of a combination of vehicles;

'half-decked bus' means any bus which is neither a single-decked bus
nor a double-decked bus;

'headlamp' means a lamp, other than a fog lamp, required to be carried
by a vehicle and which is designed, when lit, to illuminate the road
in front of the vehicle;

'hours of darkness' has the meaning assigned to it by regulation 2(1)
and (2) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations;





'illuminated area', in relation to a lamp on a vehicle, means the area of
the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the lamp through
which the light is emitted;

'industrial tractor' means a motor tractor, other than a land tractor,
which

(a)is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work
on roads in connexion only with road construction,
maintenance or refuse collection (including any such motor
vehicle when fitted with an implement or implements designed
primarily for use in connexion with such work, whether or riot
any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); and

(b)is so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding a speed of
30 kilometres per hour on the level under its own power;

'internal combustion engine' means a compression-ignition engine or a
positive-ignition engine;

'international circulation permit' has the meaning assigned to it by
regulation 2 of the Road Traffic (Registration and Licensing of
Vehicles) Regulations;

'land implement' means any implement or machinery used with a land
locomotive or a land tractor in connexion with agriculture, grass
cutting, forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations and
any trailer which for the time being carries only the necessary gear
or equipment of the land locomotive or land tractor which tows it;

'land implement conveyor' means a trailer, having an unladen weight
not exceeding 5 10 kilograms, which is specially designed and
constructed for the conveyance of not more than one land
implement and which is marked with its unladen weight, has each
of its wheels fitted with a pneumatic tyre and is towed by a land
locomotive or land tractor;

'land locomotive' means a locomotive designed and used primarily for
work on the land in connexion with agriculture, forestry, land
levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is driven on a road
only when proceeding to and from the site of such work and which
when so driven hauls nothing other than land implements or land
implement conveyors;

'land tractor' means a motor tractor designed and used primarily for
work on the land in connexion with agriculture, grass cutting,
forestry, land levelling, dredging or similar operations, which is not
constructed or adapted itself to carry a load other than

(a)water, fuel. accumulators and other equipment used for the
purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment;





(b)an implement fitted to the tractor and used for work on the
land in connexion with any agricultural or forestry operations;

'locomotive' means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to
carry a load, other than water, fuel, accumulators and other
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and
loose equipment, and the unladen weight of which exceeds 8
tonnes;

'main beam' means a beam of light emitted by a headlamp, being a
beam which is not a dipped beam;

'matched pair of headlamps' means a pair of headlamps on a vehicle,
one on each side of the vertical plane passing through the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of
ascertaining such axis. any sidecar attached thereto) which comply
with the following requirements

(a)each headlamp in the pair is at the same height above the
ground:and

(b)the distance between the centre of each headlamp in the pair
and the said vertical plane passing through the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle does not vary by more than 25 millimetres;

'matched pair of obligatory headlamps' means a matched pair of
headlamps required to be carried by a vehicle by regulation 96, 97
or 98;

'motor tractor' means a motor vehicle which is not constructed itself to
carry a load other than water, fuel, accumulators and other
equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and
loose equipment and the unladen weight of which does not exceed
8 tonnes;

'multi-pull means of operation', in relation to a braking system, means a
device which causes the muscular energy of the driver to apply the
brakes of that system progressively as a result of successive
applications of that device by the driver;

,,obligatory front lamp' means a lamp, showing to the front of a vehicle
a white light, required to be carried by regulation 89;

',obligatory headlamp' means any headlamp required to be carried by a
vehicle by regulation 96, 97 or 98.

11

obligatory rear lamp- means a lamp, showing to the rear of a vehicle a
red light, required to be carried by regulation 103;

,,obligatory reflector' means a red reflector required to be fitted to a
vehicle by regulation 106;

,,outermost part' in relation to a vehicle, does not include a door,
hinged side or other adjustable part of the vehicle when opened or
extended or a driving mirror or a direction indicator;





'overall height means the height of a vehicle standing on a level surface
with all tyres inflated to normal pressure, measured vertically from
such surface to the highest point of such vehicle or of the load on
such vehicle whichever is the higher;

'overall length' means the length of a vehicle measured between
vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
and passing through the extreme projecting points thereof
exclusive of

(a) any driving mirror;

(b) any starting handle;

(c) any hood when down;

(d)any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a
turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle; and

(e) any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,

and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle
account shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or
attached to the vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the
vehicle unless

(i)it is a tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading;

(ii) it is a tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the
carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of,
loads which are in themselves so long as to extend at least as
far as the tailboard when in the upright position; or

(iii)it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods
contained therein and is from time to time actually used for
that purpose;

,,overall width' means the width of a vehicle measured between vertical
planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing
through the extreme projecting points thereof exclusive of

(a) any driving mirror;

(b) any direction indicator;

(c)so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the
weight of the vehicle; and

(d any front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp,

and in ascertaining the extreme projecting points of a vehicle
account shall be taken of any device or any receptacle on or
attached to the vehicle which increases the carrying capacity of the
vehicle unless

(i) it is a sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is
stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; or





(ii)it is a receptacle which is constructed or adapted for the
purpose of being lifted on or off vehicles with goods
contained therein and is from time to time actually used for
that purpose;

,,overhang' means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to
the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between the vertical planes at
right angles to that axis passing through the 2 points respectively
specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this definition

(a) the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of-

(i) any hood when down;

(ii) any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of
a turntable fire escape fixed to the vehicle;

(iii) in the case of a motor vehicle constructed solely for the
carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry
not more than 7 passengers, any luggage carrier fitted to the
vehicle; and

(iv) in the case of a vehicle constructed to tow a trailer, any
part of the vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of
attaching the trailer and any fitting designed for use in
connexion with such part, being a part and fitting the total
length of which measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle does not exceed 300 millimetres; and

(b) (i) in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than 3

axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre
point of that axle;

(ii) in the case of a motor vehicle having 3 axles of which
the front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle
having 4 axles of which the 2 foremost are the only steering
axles, a point 100 millimetres to the rear of the centre of a
straight line joining the centre points of the 2 rearmost axles;
and

(iii) in any other case, a point situated on the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right
angles to that axis will pass through the centre of the
minimum turning circle of the vehicle;

'passenger vehicle' means a vehicle constructed solely for the carriage
of passengers and their effects;

'pedestrian-controlled trolled vehicle' means a vehicle, other than a
richshaw, which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed
or adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;

'permanent top' means any covering of a vehicle, other than a hood
made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being
readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed
structure of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat
of the vehicle, or, in the case of a double-decked bus, of any seat
on the upper deck of the bus;





'pneumatic tyre' means a tyre which is

(a)provided with a continuous closed chamber containing air at a
pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when
the tyre is in the condition in which it is normally used, but is
not subjected to any load;

(b)capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from
the wheel or vehicle; and

(e)of such construction that when it is deflated and is subjected
to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;

'poor visibility conditions' has the meaning assigned to it by
regulation 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Traffic Control) Regulations;

'positive-ignition engine' means an engine operating on the otto cycle
in which a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into cylinders and ignited
after compression by means of an electric spark applied at a known
and predetermined moment of the cycle;

'primary emergency exit' means an emergency exit, being an exit
provided in a single-decked bus or in the lower deck of a double-
decked bus, of which the dimensions are not less than 1 350
millimetres by 500 millimetres;

'rear lamp' means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a red light
visible from a reasonable distance;

'rear marking' means a rear marking of the type shown in any of the
diagrams numbered 1 to 5 set out in Part 1 of the Eleventh
Schedule;

'rear platform' means a platform at the rear of a vehicle from which
passengers can step directly to the ground through an exit without
any step intervening;

'recut pneumatic tyre' means any pneumatic tyre in which an existing
tread pattern has been cut or burnt deeper or a new tread pattern
has been cut or burnt except where the pattern is cut entirely in
additional material added to the tyre for the purpose;

'reflecting area', in relation to a reflector on a vehicle, means the area of
the orthogonal projection on a vertical plane at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle of that part of the reflector designed
to reflect light;

'reversing lamp' means a lamp showing to the rear of a vehicle a white
light for the purpose of reversing;

'rigid vehicle' means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or
adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;

'safety glass' means glass so constructed or treated that if fractured it
does not fly into fragments capable of causing severe cuts;





safety glazing' means material (other than glass) so constructed or
treated that if fractured it does not fly into fragments capable of
causing severe cuts;

sealed beam lamp' means a lamp unit comprising a reflector system, a
lens system and one or more electrical filaments, which has been
sealed in the course of manufacture and which cannot be
dismantled without rendering the unit unusable as a lamp;

secondary emergency exit means an emergency exit, other than a
primary emergency exit provided in a bus, of which the dimensions
are not less than 900 millimetres by 500 millimetres;

side marker lamp' means a lamp required to be carried by a trailer by
regulation 109 and which shows a white light to the side of the
trailer through an arc extending a minimum of 70 degrees forward
from a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and
a red light to the side through an arc extending a minimum of 70
degrees rearward from that line;

single-decked bus' means a bus upon which no part of a deck or
gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;

'split braking system', in relation to a motor vehicle. means a braking
system so designed and constructed that

(a)it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable
of developing braking force such that, excluding the means of
operation, a failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a
brake shoe anchor pin) of one of the said sections shall not
cause a decrease in the braking force capable of being
developed by the other section;

(b)the said two sections are operated by a means of operation
which is common to both sections; and

(c)the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can be
readily checked;

stop lamp' means a lamp required to be fitted to a motor vehicle,
or to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle, for the purpose of
warning other road users, when the lamp is lit, that the brakes
of the motor vehicle or, in the case of a trailer, the brakes of the
towing vehicle or of the combination of vehicles, are being
applied;

stored energy', in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, means
energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the
mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose
of applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either
directly or as a supplement to his muscular energy;

straddle carrier' means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and lift
its load for the purpose of transportation;





'supplementary main beam' means a main beam which is emitted
by an obligatory headlamp which can also emit a dipped beam
and which can only be used in conjunction with a main beam
from another obligatory headlamp on the same side of the
vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle;

'towing implement means any device on wheels designed for the
purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to tow another vehicle by the
attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner
that part of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is
suspended from the device and some but not all of the wheels on
which that other vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;

'track laying vehicle' means a vehicle that is so designed and
constructed that its weight is transmitted to the road surface either
by means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and
continuous tracks in such circumstances that the weight
transmitted to the road surface by the tracks is not less than half
the weight of the vehicle;

'two-tone horn' means an instrument or apparatus which, when
operated, automatically produces a sound which alternates at
regular intervals between 2 fixed notes;

'unladen weight', in relation to a vehicle, means the weight of the
vehicle inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken
where alternative bodies or parts are used) including the weight of
water or accumulators which are necessary to, or ordinarily used
with, the vehicle when working on a road, but exclusive of the
weight of fuel, loose tools and loose equipment in the vehicle;

'warning instrument' means any instrument required to be fitted to or
carried on or in a vehicle for audibly signalling its approach or
presence;

'wheel', in the case of a motor vehicle or trailer, means a wheel the tyre
or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in
contact with the ground; and any two such wheels shall be treated
as one wheel if the distance between the centres of the areas of
contact between them and the road surface is less than 460
millimetres;

'wheel span' means the distance between the foremost and rearmost
axles;

'wide tyre' means a pneumatic tyre which has an area of contact with
the road surface of not less than 300 millimetres in width when
measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

3. These regulations, except in so far as they apply to the weights
and dimensions of vehicles, shall not apply to





(a) any motor vehicle brought temporarily into Hong Kong
by a person resident in a place outside Hong Kong or in
Hong Kong intending to make only a temporary stay in
Hong Kong, for a period not exceeding 1 year from the
date of the arrival of the vehicle in Hong Kong while the
said vehicle is being used by such person during his stay, if
such vehicle complies in every respect with the require-
ments of paragraphs 1, 111 and VIII of Article 3 of the 1926
Convention and with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 22 of
the 1949 Convention and paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 23
of the 1968 Convention;

(b)unlicensed vehicles used on roads only pursuant to a
movement permit issued under regulation 53 of the Road
Traffic (Registration and Licensing of Vehicles) Regulations
for the purpose of proceeding from one site to another.

4. The Commissioner may exempt any vehicle or class of vehicle
from the provisions of these regulations or of any part thereof if he
considers that it would be in the public interest to do so.

PART II

GENERAL

5. (1) Every vehicle including all body work and fittings shall be

(a) soundly and properly constructed of suitable materials;

(b) in good and serviceable condition; and

(c)of such design and method of construction as to be capable
of withstanding the loads and stresses likely to be
encountered in operation.

(2) The side door latches and hinges of all vehicles shall be of
adequate strength.

(3) Subject to paragraph (5), no part of a motor vehicle, other than
the wheels or tracks of such vehicle, and, in the case of a goods vehicle
carrying inflammable goods, the earthing chain of such vehicle, shall
touch the road.

(4) Every windscreen wiper and every direction indicator required
by these regulations to be fitted to a motor vehicle, and every part of
every braking system and of the means of operation thereof fitted to a
motor vehicle or trailer, and all steering gear fitted to a motor vehicle,
shall at all times while the motor vehicle or trailer is used on a road be
maintained in good and efficient working order and be properly
adjusted.

(5) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to engineering plant, an industrial
tractor, land locomotive and land tractor.





6. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the dimensions of a vehicle of a
class listed in column 1 of the First Schedule shall not exceed the
overall dimensions specified in relation to that vehicle in columns 2, 3
and 4 of that Schedule.

(2) The Commissioner may by permit in writing, subject to such
terms and conditions as may be specified in the permit, authorize the
use of a vehicle exceeding the dimensions specified in the First
Schedule.

7. (1) The gorss vehicle weight of a vehicle of a class listed in
column 1 of Part I of the Second Schedule, other than a vehicle to
which Part II, III or IV of that Schedule applies or a special purpose
vehicle, shall not exceed the permitted gross vehicle weight specified
in relation to that vehicle in column 2 of that Part.

(2) The gross vehicle weight of a rigid vehicle of a class listed in
column 1 of Part II of the Second Schedule shall not exceed the
permitted gross vehicle weight specified in column 3 of that Part in
relation to the wheel span measurement specified in column 2 of that
Part.

(3) The gross vehicle weight and axle weight of an articulated
vehicle of a class listed in column 1 of Part III of the Second
Schedule shall not exceed the permitted gross vehicle weight and
maximum permitted axle weight specified in column 3 of that Part in
relation to the wheel span measurment specified in column 2 of that
Part.

(4) The gross combined weight of a combination of articulated
vehicles of the type listed in column 1 of Part IV of the Second
Schedule shall not exceed the permitted gross combined weight
specified in column 3 of that Part in relation to the inner axle spacing
specified in column 2 of that Part.

(5) Where 2 closely spaced axles of a vehicle are spaced at such
distance apart as is specified in column 1 of Part V of the Second
Schedule, the total weight transmitted to the road surface by all the
wheels of those axles shall not exceed the permitted total axle weight
specified in column 2 of that Part in relation to the distance between
those axles.

(6) Where the outer axles of 3 closely spaced axles of a vehicle
are spaced at such distance apart as is specified in column 1 of
Part VI of the Second Schedule, the total weight transmitted to the
road surface by all the wheels of each of those closely spaced axles
shall not exceed the permitted axle weight specified in column 2 of
that Part in relation to the distance between those outer axles.

(7) The permitted gross vehicle weight of a special purpose
vehicle shall be the permitted gross vehicle weight shown in the
registration document issued in respect of that vehicle and the gross
vehicle weight of a special purpose vehicle shall not exceed the
permitted gross vehicle weight so specified.




(8) The Commissioner may be permit in writing, subject to
such terms and conditions as may be specified in the permit,
authorize the use of a vehicle exceeding the permitted gross vehicle
weight specified in relation to that vehicle in Part II or III of the
Second Schedule.

8. (1) Subject to paragraphs (2), (3) and (4), the overhang of a
motor vehicle shall not exceed 60 per cent of the distance between the
plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle which passes
through the centre or centres of the front wheel or wheels and the
foremost vertical plane from which the overhang is to be measured.

(2) In the case of a vehicle designed for use and mainly used for
the purpose of heating a road or other like surface in the process of
construction, repair or maintenance, no part of the heating plant shall
be taken into account when calculating the overhang under paragraph
(1).

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), where a vehicle is to be used
on a road and the Commissioner considers that the percentage of
overhang permitted by that paragraph could create a hazard to traffic he
may specify such lesser percentage of overhang as he considers
appropriate, and the overhang of that vehicle shall not exceed such
lesser specified percentage.

(4) This regulation shall not apply to-

(a)a vehicle designed for use and used solely in connexion with
street cleansing, the collection or disposal of refuse or the
collection or disposal of the contents of gullies or cesspools;
and

(b)a goods vehicle so designed that it can dispose of its load by
tipping to the rear provided the 'overhang does not exceed 1.2
metres.

9. (1) Subject to. paragraph (2), every motor vehicle intended for
use or used on a road shall be propelled by

(a) a positive-ignition engine;

(b) a compression-ignition engine; or

(c) an electric motor.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may approve
in writing a motor vehicle powered by other means for use on a r,oad if
he considers the vehicle suitable for use on roads in Hong Kong.

(3) Before granting approval in respect of a vehicle under
paragraph (2) the Commissioner may require

(a) production of such plans and information; and





(b) such test and inspection,

as he considers necessary.

10. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle first registered
after the coming into operation of this regulation which is propelled by
a compression-ignition engine shall be so constructed that the power
that the engine produces is at least 4.4 kilowatts for every 1000
kilograms of the permitted gross vehicle weight of the vehicle.

(2) Every motor vehicle to which paragraph (1) applies shall,
where it is fitted with ancillary equipment designed for use or likely
to be used when the vehicle is in motion on a road at a speed in
excess of 8 kilometres per hour and the power absorbed by that
equipment is provided by the engine propelling the vehicle, be so
constructed that, when the ancillary equipment is being used. the
power of the engine remaining available to drive the vehicle is at
least 4.4 kilowatts for every 1 000 kilograms of the permitted gross
vehicle weight of the vehicle.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation, 'ancillary equipmenC
means machinery or apparatus forming part of a vehicle or mounted
thereon. used for purposes not connected with the driving of the
vehicle.

11. The body of a vehicle shall be securely affixed to the chassis
and every trap door in the floor of the vehicle shall be strong and so
fitted or fastened that it cannot become dislodged by vibration, with
any lifting device properly sunk.

12. (1) Every vehicle shall be so constructed as to be capable of
turning in either direction within a circle which has a diameter not
exceeding

(a)24.5 metres, in the case of a vehicle with an overall length of
not more than 10 metres; and

(b)26 metres, in the case of a vehicle with an overall length of
more than 10 metres.

(2) For the purpose of this regulation, the diameter of the turning
circle of a vehicle shall be determined by reference to the circle traced
by the extreme projecting points included in the overall length and
overall width of the vehicle.

13. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle, trailer having
more than 4 wheels and trailer having more than 2 wheels being part of
an articulated vehicle shall be provided with such compensating
arrangement as will ensure that all the wheels will remain in contact with
the road surface and under the most adverse conditions will not be
subject to abnormal variations of load.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply-





(a)to any steerable wheel of a motor vehicle if the load on such
wheel does not exceed 3.5 tonnes; and

(b)with respect to any properly constructed retractable axle while
in the retracted position.

14. (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the weight transmitted to
the road surface by any one wheel of a vehicle where no other wheel is
in the same line transversely shall not exceed 4.5 tonnes and the total
weight so transmitted by any 2 wheels of a vehicle in line transversely
shall not exceed 9 tonnes.

(2) The total weight transmitted to the road surface by any 2
wheels of a vehicle in line transversely shall not exceed 10 tonnes if
each such wheel is fitted with 2 pneumatic tyres having the centre of
their areas of contact with the road surface not less than 300 millimetres
apart measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle or
with a wide tyre.

(3) In the case of a vehicle having more than 2 wheels in line
transversely, the total weight transmitted to the road surface by those
wheels shall not exceed 11 tonnes.

15. (1) Subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), every motor vehicle and
trailer towed thereby shall be equipped with a suitable and sufficient
system of suspension between each wheel and the frame of the vehicle.

(2) The system of suspension of any vehicle with 3 or more wheels
shall be so designed and constructed that there is no excessive body
sway.

(3) The system of suspension including any damper units therein
shall be maintained in an efficient condition.

(4) For the purposes of this regulation a tyre shall not be regarded
as forming part of the suspension system.

(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may, having
regard to the design and use of the vehicle, exempt any special purpose
vehicle from the provisions of this regulation.

(6) This regulation shall not apply to-

(a) a motor cycle;

(b) a mobile crane;

(c) a road roller;

(d)a vehicle designed for use in works or on private premises
and used on a road only in passing from one part of the
works or premises to another or to works or premises in the
immediate neighbourhood; and

(e)a motor tractor not exceeding 4 tonnes permitted gross
vehicle weight if all unsprung wheels of such tractor are
equipped with pneumatic tyres.





16. (1) Subject to paragraph (8), every motor vehicle shall be
equipped with either an efficient braking system having 2 means of
operation or 2 efficient braking systems each having a separate means
of operation.

(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1), no account shall be taken of a
multi-pull means of operation, unless that means, at the first application,
operates an hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device which causes brakes
to be applied sufficient to have a total braking efficiency of not less
than the total braking efficiency required by regulation 19(1)(b) in
relation to brakes as applied by a second independent means of
operation.

(3) Subject to paragraph (8), all braking systems of every motor
vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that notwithstanding the
failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin)
through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the brakes is
transmitted there shall still be available for application by the driver
brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions to bring the vehicle
to rest within a reasonable distance.

(4) Subject to paragraph (9), one at least of the means of operation
required by this regulation shall be capable of causing brakes to be
applied directly to all the wheels of the vehicle and the other means of
operation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied directly. and
not through the transmission, to

(a)at least one wheel of a vehicle with not more than 3 wheels;
and

(b)at least half the number of wheels of a vehicle with more than
3 wheels,

and for the purpose of this paragraph a shaft leading from any
differential driving gear of an axle to a driving wheel shall be deemed
not to form part of the transmission.

(5) The application of one of the means of operation required
under this regulation shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand lever
of the other means of operation.

(6) No braking system shall be rendered. ineffective by the non-
rotation of the engine.

(7) For the purpose of this regulation every moving shaft to which
any part of a braking system or any means of operation thereof is
connected or by which it is supported shall be deemed to be part of that
system.

(8) Paragraphs (1) and (3) shall not apply to a motor vehicle
equipped with one efficient braking system with one means of operation
if the system is a split braking system.

(9) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to engineering plant, an industrial
tractor, land locomotive, land tractor, motor cycle, motor tricycle, invalid
carriage. pedestrian controlled vehicle and straddle carrier.





17. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be
equipped with a braking system, which may be one of the braking
systems prescribed in regulation 16, so designed and constructed that

(a)its means of operation, whether being a multi-pull means of
operation or not, is independent of the means of operation of
any braking system required by regulation 19(1)(a) to have a
total braking efficiency of not less than 50 per cent;

(b)its braking force, when the vehicle is not being driven or is left
unattended

(i) can at all times be maintained in operation by direct
mechanical action without the intervention of any hydraulic,
electric or pneumatic device; and

(ii) when so maintained in operation by direct mechanical
action, is capable of holding the vehicle stationary on a
gradient of at least 1 in 6.25 without the assistance of stored
energy.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a motor cycle and invalid
carriage.

18. (1) Subject to paragraph (2) and except in the case of a motor
vehicle to which paragraph (3) applies, every motor vehicle which is
equipped with a braking system which embodies a vacuum or pressure
reservoir or reservoirs shall be provided with a warning device so
placed as to be readily visible or audible to the driver of the vehicle
when in the driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure or
deficiency in the vacuum or pressure system.

(2) In the case of a vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of
which does not exceed 5.5 tonnes which is propelled by an internal
combustion engine and is equipped with a braking system embodying a
vacuum reservoir or reservoirs, the vacuum therein being derived
directly from the induction system of the engine, it shall not be
necessary to provide a warning device in accordance with paragraph (1)
if, in the event of a failure or deficiency in the vacuum system, the
brakes of that braking system are sufficient to provide a braking
efficiency of 50 per cent.

(3) A motor vehicle which is equipped with a braking system
which uses compressed air only as its means of operation shall be fitted
with a suitable air pressure gauge or gauge





19. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every braking system of every
motor vehicle shall

(a)have brakes acting on all the wheels of the vehicle which as
applied by one means of operation have a total braking
efficiency of not less than 50 per cent;





(b)subject to sub-paragraph (c), have brakes which as applied by
a second independent means of operation have a total braking
efficiency of not less than 25 per cent; and

(c) in the case of a motor vehicle equipped with a split braking
system to which regulation 16(8) applies, have brakes which
in the event of a failure of any part (other than a fixed
member or a brake shoe anchor pin) of one of the
independent sections comprised in the split braking system
are such that there remain barkes applied by the other
section sufficient to have a total braking efficiency of not
less than 25 per cent.

(2) This regulation shall not apply to engineering plant, an
industrial tractor, land locomotive, land tractor, motor cycle, motor
tricycle, invalid carriage, pedestrian controlled vehicle and straddle
carrier.

20. (1) Every motor vehicle and every trailer shall be so constructed
that the entire weight of the vehicle and of any trailer attached thereto is
transmitted to the road surface by wheels or by tracks, or by a
combination of wheels and tracks.

(2) In the case of a track laying vehicle-

(a)the parts of the track which come into contact with the road
surface shall be flat and have a minimum width of 15
millimetres; and

(b)the total area of each track actually in contact with the road
surface at any one time shall not be less than 230 square
centimetres in respect of each tonne of the gross vehicle
weight of the vehicle.

(3) Subject to paragraphs (6) and (7), every wheel of a motor
vehicle, other than a road roller, and every wheel on a trailer when the
trailer is being towed on a road, other than a trailer used solely on road
repair work, shall be equipped with pneumatic tyres of suitable size and
design.

(4) Subject to paragraph (8), all wheels of a motor vehicle or trailer
which are equipped with tyres, other than pneumatic tyres, shall have a
rim diameter of not less than 700 millimetres.

(5) Every wheel of a vehicle shall be truly circular, accurately
centred on its axle and fitted to work thereon without oscillation or side
play.

(6) The Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms
and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize
the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with paragraph (3).

(7) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to-

(a) a motor tractor; and





(b)a motor vehicle designed for use in works or on private
premises and used on a road only in passing from one part of
the works or premises to another or to works or premises in the
immediate neighbourhood,

if such vehicle is equipped with tyres on every wheel of soft or elastic
material of a design and type approved by the Commissioner.

(8) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to-

(a)any motor vehicle or trailer not exceeding 1.5 tonnes unladen
weight designed for use in works or on private premises and
used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or
premises to another or to works or premises in the immediate
neighbourhood; and

(b) any mobile crane.

21. A tyre shall not be deemed to be of soft or elastic material
unless the said material is either

(a) continuous round the circumference of the wheel; or

(b)fitted in sections so that so far as reasonably practicable no
space is left between the ends thereof,

and is of such thickness and design as to minimize, so far as reasonably
possible, vibration when the vehicle is in motion, and so constructed as
to be free from any defect which might in any way cause damage to the
surface of a road.

1 22. (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (7), no wheel of a motor vehicle
or trailer shall be fitted with a pneumatic tyre that

(a)is unsuitable having regard to the use to which the motor
vehicle or trailer is being put or to the types of tyres fitted to
its other wheels;

(b)is not so inflated as to make it fit for the use to which the
motor vehicle or trailer is being put;

(c)has a break in its fabric, or has a cut in excess of 25 millimetres
in length or 10 per cent of the section width of the tyre,
whichever is the greater, measured in any direction on the
outside of the tyre and deep enough to reach the body cords;

(d)has any lump or bulge caused by separation or partial failure
of its structure;

(e) has any p ortion of the ply or cord structure exposed; or

does not-

(i) in the case of a motor cycle the cylinder capacity of the
engine of which does not exceed 50 cubic centimetres, show
throughout at least 3 of the breadth of the tread and 4

round the entire outer circumference of the tyre a pattern the
relief of which is clearly visible; and





(ii) in the case of any other motor vehicle or any trailer, have
a tread pattern (excluding any tie-bar) with a depth of at least 1
millimetre throughout at least 3 of the breadth of

4

the tread and round the entire outer circumference of the tyre:

Provided that this sub-paragraph shall not apply in the
case of a motor cycle with sidecar attached having 3 wheels in
all, the weight of which does not exceed 100 kilograms and
which is incapable of exceeding a speed of 20 kilometres per
hour on the level under its own power.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not prohibit the use on a road of a motor
vehicle or trailer by reason only of the fact that a wheel of the vehicle or
trailer is fitted with a tyre which is not fully inflated if the tyre and the
wheel to which it is fitted are so constructed as to make the tyre in that
condition fit for the use to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put
and the outer sides of the wall of the tyre are so marked as to enable the
tyre to be identified as having been so constructed.

(3) No motor vehicle or trailer shall be fitted with a recut pneumatic
tyre the fabric of which has been cut or exposed by the recutting
process.

(4) Without prejudice to paragraphs (1) and (3), all the tyres of a
motor vehicle or trailer shall at all times while the vehicle or trailer is used
on a road be maintained in such condition as to be fit for the use to
which the vehicle or trailer is being put and as to be free from any defect
which might in any way cause damage to the surface of the road or
danger to persons on or in the vehicle or to other persons using the
road.

(5) Pneumatic tyres of different types of structure shall not be fitted
to the same axle of a vehicle.

(6) A motor vehicle or trailer shall not be fitted with-

(a)a diagonal-ply tyre or a bias-belted tyre on the rear axle and a
radial-ply tyre on the front axle; or

(b)a diagonal-ply tyre on the rear axle and a bias-belted tyre on
the front axle.

(7) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a land tractor, or land
implement, or to an agricultural trailer when the trailer is being towed by
a land tractor and nothing in paragraph (1) or (3) shall apply to a broken
down vehicle or to a vehicle proceeding to a place where it is to be
broken up, in either case being towed by a motor vehicle at a speed not
exceeding 20 kilometres per hour.

(8) For the purposes of this regulation-

'bias-belted tyre' means a pneumatic tyre, the structure of which is
such that the ply cords extend to the bead so as to be laid at
alternate angles of substantially less than 90 degrees to the





peripheral line of the tread, and are constrained by a
circumferential belt comprising two or more layers of substantially
inextensible cord material laid at alternate angles smaller than
those of the ply cord structure;

'diagonal-ply tyre' means a pneumatic tyre, other than a bias-belted
tyre, the structure of which is such that the ply cords extend to the
bead so as to be laid at alternate angles of substantially less than
90 degrees to the peripheral line of the tread;

'radial-ply tyre' means a pneumatic tyre, the structure of which is such
that the ply cords extend to the bead so as to be laid at an angle of
substantially 90 degrees to the peripheral line of the tread, the ply
cord structure being stabilized by a substantially inextensible
circumferential belt;

'type of structure', in relation to a tyre, means a type of structure of a
tyre of a kind as defined in this paragraph.

23. The steering mechanism of a vehicle shall be so constructed or
arranged that no overlock shall be possible and that the wheels shall
not in any circumstances foul any part of the vehicle.

24. (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a motor vehicle which it is
at all times unlawful to drive at a speed exceeding 20 kilometres per
hour and an invalid carriage, shall be fitted with an efficient
speedometer which shall be

(a) so placed that it can be easily read by the driver;

(b) maintained in good working order;

(c)kept free from any obstruction which might prevent it from
being easily read by the driver;

(d)calibrated and marked so as to indicate clearly the speed at
which the motor vehicle is being driven; and

(e)capable of indicating the speed within a margin of accuracy of
plus or minus 10 per cent if and when the motor vehicle is
being driven at a speed in excess of 15 kilometres per hour.

(2) It shall be a good defence to proceedings taken in respect of a
contravention of paragraph (1)(b) to prove that

(a)the defect occurred in the course of the journey during which
the contravention was detected; or

(b)at the time when the contravention was detected steps had
already been taken to have the defect remedied with all
reasonable expedition.

25. Every motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, motor tricycle or
invalid carriage, shall be capable of being driven both forwards and
backwards.





26. (1) Every motor vehicle, other than a bus or light bus, shall be
so designed and constructed that the driver

(a)has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate
the controls;

(b)while controlling the vehicle can at all times have a full view of
the road and traffic ahead of the vehicle.

(2) The driver's seat of every motor vehicle, other than a bus or
light bus, shall be secured to the body of the vehicle and shall measure
at least 380 millimetres from the backrest to the front edge of the seat
and 380 millimetres along the back, except that where the vehicle is
fitted with a continuous seat for a passenger or passengers beside the
driver the space available for passengers under regulation 27 shall be
measured from a point 380 millimetres from that part of the seat
nearest to the centre of the steering wheel.

(3) The driver's seat of every motor vehicle, other than a bus
or light bus, shall be capable of being adjusted in relation to the
steering wheel of the vehicle so that it can be moved from 350
millimetres to at least 450 millimetres from the steering wheel
measured from the nearest point on the periphery of the steering
wheel to the nearest part of the back of the driver's seat.

(4) Subject to paragraph (5), the driver's seat of every vehicle
shall be so placed as to permit the driver to give by hand the usual
traffic signals on the right or off side of the vehicle.

(5) The Commissioner may by permit in writing, subject to such
terms and conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, authorize
the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with paragraph (4).

27. (1) No vehicle shall be provided with seating capacity for
passengers in excess of the seating capacity for that class of vehicle
specified in the Third Schedule.

(2) The seating capacity for passengers in a bus or special purpose
vehicle shall be the seating capacity specified in the registration
document issued in respect of that vehicle, and no bus or special
purpose vehicle shall be provided with seating capacity in excess of the
seating capacity so specified.

(3) No seating capacity for passengers shall be provided in an
invalid carriage, trailer, tricycle or pedestrian-controlled vehicle.

(4) Subject to regulation 26, every seat in a vehicle shall be secured
to the body of the vehicle and shall, except in the case of a bus or light
bus, measure at least 380 millimetres from the backrest to the front
edge of the seat and 380 millimetres along the back.

(5) In calculating the seating capacity of a vehicle for the
purposes of this regulation





(a)only those seats that are provided in accordance with
paragraph (4) or regulation 73, as the case may be, shall be
taken into account; and

(b)no account shall be taken of any space on a scat which is less
than 380 millimetres.

28. (1) The glass or transparent material used in all windscreens,
windows and partitions of a motor vehicle shall be safety glass or
safety glazing

(a) of a type approved by the Commissioner;

(b)of such transparency that it does not obscure the view of the
interior of the motor vehicle; and

(e)where practicable, clearly identifiable as safety glass or safety
glazing by'a permanent mark inscribed thereon.

(2) No alteration or addition shall be made to any windscreen,
window or partition referred to in paragraph (1) whereby the reflecting
effect of the safety glass or safety glazing is increased

(3) The Commissioner shall by notice in the Gazette specify the
type of safety glass or safety glazing approved by him for the purposes
of paragraph (1)(a).

.29. (1) In the case of a vehicle which is fitted with a windscreen,
other than a motor cycle, invalid carriage or trailer, the vehicle shall be
fitted with one or more efficient automatic windscreen wipers, unless
the driver can obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle
without looking through the windscreen.

(2) The windscreen wipers required by paragraph (1) shall be
capable of clearing the windscreen so that the driver has an adequate
view of the road in front of the near and off sides of the vehicle in
addition to an adequate view to the front of the vehicle.

(3) Subject to paragraph (4), every motor vehicle which is required
by paragraph (1) to be fitted with one or more efficient automatic
windscreen wipers shall be fitted with a windscreen washer capable of
clearing, in conjunction with those windscreen wipers, the area of the
windscreen swept by those windscreen wipers of mud or other similar
deposit.

(4) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to-

(a) a land tractor; or

(b)any vehicle which is incapable by reason of its construction
of exceeding a speed of 35 kilometres per hour on the level
under its own power.

30. (1) Every vehicle propelled by an internal combustion 'engine
shall be fitted with a silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance
suitable and sufficient for reducing, as far as may be





reasonable, the noise caused by the escape of the exhaust gases from
the engine.

(2) Every vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine and
used on any road shall be so constructed and maintained that the
exhaust gases from the engine shall not escape into the atmosphere
without first passing through the silencer, expansion chamber or other
contrivance required to be fitted under paragraph (1).

(3) Every such silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance
shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a road be maintained in
good and efficient working order, and shall not have been altered or
replaced in such a way that the noise caused by the escape of the
exhaust gases is made greater by the alteration or replacement.

31. (1) Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed and
maintained. that

(a) no excessive smoke or visible vapour is emitted therefrom;

(b)so far as is reasonably practicable, the products of
combustion, ashes, steam, cinders, petrol, water or oil are not
discharged on the road or in such manner as to be likely to
cause damage to property or injury or danger or loss of
amenity or annoyance to persons.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), smoke or visible vapour
shall be deemed to be excessive if the smoke or visible va`pour emitted
from the vehicle measured by means of the apparatus specified in
column 1 of the Fourth Schedule exceeds the maximum permitted smoke
or visible vapour level specified in column 2 of that Schedule or the
maximum permitted smoke or visible vapour level in absolute units of
light absorption specified in column 3 of that Schedule.

(3) Every motor vehicle using solid fuel shall be fitted with an
efficient appliance for the purpose of preventing the emission of sparks
or grit.

(4) It shall be a good defence in any proceedings in respect of a
contravention of this regulation to prove that the emission or discharge
was due to some temporary or accidental cause which could not be
prevented by the exercise of reasonable care.

32- (1) Subject to regulation 34, the engine of every motor vehicle
manufactured after 1 November 1974 and on or before 1 October 1978
which is equipped with a positive-ignition tion engine shall be so
constructed that it conforms to one or more of the standards specified
in Part 1 of the Fifth Schedule.

(2) Subject to regulation 34, the engine of every motor vehicle
manufactured after 1 October 1978 which is equipped with a positive-
ignition engine shall be so constructed that it conforms to one or more
of the standards specified in Part 11 of the FM Schedule.





(3) The Commissioner may, on application made to him in
such form as he may determine, exempt any make or model of motor
vehicle from the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2), subject to such
conditions as he may specify in any particular case.

33. (1) Subject to regulation 34, the engine of every motor
vehicle manufactured after 1 September 1976 which is equipped with
a compression-ignition engine shall be so constructed that it con-
forms to one or more of the standards specified in Part M of the
Fifth Schedule.

(2) The Commissioner may, on application made to him in
such form as he may determine, exempt any make or model of motor
vehicle from the provisions of paragraph (1), subject to such
conditions as he may specify in any particular case.

34. Regulations 32 and 33 shall not apply to-

(a) a motor cycle; or

(b)any motor vehicle which is incapable by reason of its
construction of exceeding a speed of 50 kilometres per
hour on the level under its own power.

35. Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with mudguards or
other similar fittings extending to cover the full width of each wheel
and tyre and extending sufficiently around the circumference of each
wheel and tyre to catch, so far as reasonably practicable, mud or
water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels, unless adequate
protection is afforded by the body of the vehicle.

36. No mascot or other unnecessary attachment shall be
carried by a motor vehicle in any position where it is likely to strike
any person with whom the vehicle may collide unless the mascot or
attachment is not liable to cause injury to such person by reason of
any projection thereon.

37. No person shall install or cause to be installed in or on a
motor vehicle and no motor vehicle shall have installed therein or
thereon a television receiving apparatus other than an apparatus
designed to give the driver a closed circuit view of any part of the
vehicle or the surrounding area-

(a) at any point forward of the driver's seat;

(b)so that the screen thereof is partly or wholly, and whether
directly or in any reflection, visible to the driver whilst in
the driving seat; or

(c)so that the controls thereof, other than the sound volume
control and the main switch, are within reach of the driver
whilst in the driving seat.





38. (1) Every motor vehicle shall be fitted with an instrument
capable of giving audible and sufficient warning of its approach or
presence.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), no motor vehicle shall be
fitted with-

(a) a gong or bell;

(b) a siren;

(c) a multi-toned horn giving a succession of different notes;

(d) a two-tone horn; or

(e)a sound producing device giving an unduly harsh, shrill,
loud or alarming noise,

unless authorized by the Commissioner by permit in writing and any
such permit shall be subject to such conditions as he may specify.

39. (1) Every private car, taxi, light bus, bus, goods vehicle
and special purpose vehicle shall be equipped with at least two
mirrors one of which shall be fitted externally on the off side of the
vehicle and the other either internally or on the near side externally
and the mirrors shall be so constructed and fitted to the vehicle as to
assist the driver, if he so desires, to become aware of traffic to the
rear and on both sides rearwards.

(2) Every motor cycle, motor tricycle and invalid carriage shall
be equipped with a mirror fitted externally on the off side of the
vehicle and so constructed and fitted as to assist the driver, if he so
desires, to become aware of traffic to the rear.

(3) The edges of any mirror fitted internally to the vehicle to
assist any person, if he so desires, to become aware of traffic to the
rear of the vehicle shall be surrounded by some material such as will
make it unlikely that severe cuts will be inflicted in the event of the
mirror or that material being struck by any occupant of the vehicle.

(4) Every mirror fitted externally on a vehicle shall comply
with the following requirements-

(a)it shall be fitted to the vehicle in such a way that it remains
steady under normal driving conditions;

(b)in the case of a vehicle fitted with windows and a wind-
screen, it shall be fitted in such a way as to be visible to the
driver, when in his driving position, through a side window
or through the portion of the windscreen which is swept by
the windscreen wipers; and

(c)when the bottom of the mirror is less than 2 metres above
the road surface when the vehicle is laden, it shall not
project more than 10 centimetres beyond the overall width
of the vehicle, or, in the case where the vehicle is towing a
trailer with an overall width greater than that of the towing





vehicle, not more than 20 centimetres beyond the overall
width of the trailer, unless the mirror is designed so as not to
cause injury to any person in the event of a collision.

40. Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed that-

(a)any fuel tank fixed on the vehicle is in such a position that it is
reasonably secure against its being damaged; and

(b)the leakage of any liquid or vapour from such fuel tank is
adequately prevented:

Provided however that nothing in this sub-paragraph
shall preclude any fuel tank being fitted with a device which
by the intake of air or the emission of vapour relieves changes
in pressure in the tank.



PART III

TAXIS, BUSES AND LIGHT BUSES

41. (1) Every taxi shall be fitted with a taximeter of a design and
construction approved by the Commissioner.

(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1) the Commissioner may signify
his approval either

(a) generally by notice in the Gazette; or

(b) in any particular case in writing.

(3) The Commissioner may specify the position and manner in
which an approved taximeter may be fitted to a taxi, and where any such
specification has been made every taximeter shall be fitted accordingly.

(4) No taximeter or instrument similar to a taximeter shall be fitted to
a vehicle without the prior approval of the Commissioner.

42. (1) Every taximeter shall be provided with an indicator of a size
not less than 100 millimetres by 50 millimetres displaying the words
'FOR HIRE' or the word 'TAXI'

(2) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that-

(a) it may be sealed to the satisfaction of the Commissioner;

(b)the amount of fare calculated by time or distance or a
combination of time and distance as prescribed is indicated on
the fare dial;

(c)the amount of additional fares in progressive increments of
the lowest fare as prescribed is indicated on the fare dial; and

(d)the height of the figures indicating the fare and additional
fares is not less than 10 millimetres.





(3) The fare dial on every taximeter shall be such that-

(a)the words 'FARE' and 'EXTRAS' appear above, below or
beside the figures indicating such item; and

(b)the letters and words 'H.K. dollars' and 'cents' or the letters
and symbols 'H.K.$' and 'c' appear immediately above,
below or beside the figures indicating the fare and the extras;
and

(c)the fare is indicated with a clear division between dollars and
cents.

(4) Every taximeter shall be actuated by. a device which shall cause
the taximeter to be set to, and to operate in any one of, the following
positions

(a)FOR HIRE, when the taximeter is not recording and the
indicator display is clearly visible to any person standing in
front of the taxi at a distance of 20 metres;

(b)HIRED, when the taximeter is recording by time or distance or
a combination of time and distance and the indicator display is
not visible outside the taxi;

(c) STOPPED, when-

(i) the taximeter is recording by distance only and the
indicator display is not visible outside the taxi; or

(ii) the mechanism of the taxi is not in motion and the
indicator display is not visible outside the taxi.

(5) The position of the taximeter actuating device whether-

(a) FOR HIRE;

(b) HIRED; or

(c) STOPPED,

shall be clearly shown on the fare dial.

(6) The taximeter actuating device shall operate direct from the
'FOR HIRE' position to the 'HIRED' position and shall pass through
the 'STOPPED' position before being returned to the 'FOR HIRE'
position.

(7) The fare dial of every taximeter shall be capable of being
illuminated during the hours of darkness and when required by the
hirer, so as to render the readings on the dial easily legible.

43. (1) The gear box or transducer fitted in a taximeter drive shall be
so designed that the output revolutions or the number-of electronic
pulses produced and the drive cable connexions are acceptable to
approved types of taximeters.

(2) All cable and taximeter gear box or transducer connexions shall
be capable of being sealed to the satisfaction of the Commissioner.





(3) A plate of an approved type and pattern shall be attached to
every taximeter gear box or transducer.

(4) The plate attached in accordance with paragraph (3) shall be
clearly and correctly marked with

(a)the minimum effective circumference of the tyre on the wheels
of the taxi to which the taximeter is connected;

(b)the number of teeth on any driving pinion which drives the
taximeter gear box;

(c)the reduction gear ratio of the final drive of the vehicle
transmission; and

(d)the gear ratio of the taximeter gear box or the number of
electronic pulses produced in one kilometre.

44. (1) Every taximeter shall be tested by the Commissioner before
it is fitted to a taxi and thereafter at intervals of not more than 6 months,
and, if the tests prove satisfactory. stamped and sealed by the
Commissioner.

(2) The registered owner of a taxi shall submit the taxi, with the
meter properly affixed, to the Commissioner in order that tests in
accordance with paragraph (1) may be made.

(3) The registered owner of a taxi shall report to the Commissioner,
as soon as reasonably practicable. any fault or damage to the taximeter
fitted to the taxi that may result in any inaccurate recording of the fare,
or any damage to any stamp or seal of the Commissioner thereon.

45. Every taxi shall-

(a)have fitted on the top of its roof an illuminated sign, of a type
approved by the Commissioner, which at all times, when the
taxi is available for hire displays the word 'TAXI' so that it is
clearly visible from the front and the rear of the vehicle; and

(b)be plainly marked in English and Chinese writing of uniform
size not less than 100 millimetres in height on the outside of
the vehicle on both the near and off sides with the word
'TAXI' and the characters

46. (1) Every taxi shall display, on the front and on the back of the
vehicle, a plate of the colour, form and dimensions set out in the
diagram in Part I of the Sixth Schedule.

(2) Every plate referred to in paragraph (1) shall comply with the
provisions of Part 11 of the Sixth Schedule.

47. (1) The Commissioner may, by notice published in the Gazette,
specify the colour, combination of colours or colour scheme with which
the outside of public buses, public light buses and taxis shall be
painted.





(2) The Commissioner may, by notice published in the Gazette or
by condition imposed by him on the issue of a motor vehicle licence in
respect of each vehicle, specify the colour, combination of colours or
colour scheme with which the outside of private buses and private light
buses shall be painted.

(3) The outside of every public bus, private bus, public light bus,
private light bus and taxi shall be painted with such colour, combination
of colours or colour scheme as the Commissioner may specify in
respect of the vehicle under paragraph (1) or (2).

(4) This regulation shall not apply to buses operated under a
franchise granted under the Public Bus Services Ordinance.

48. Every bus shall be marked plainly and correctly in English and
Chinese writing of uniform size, not less than 10 millimetres in height

(a)inside the bus (on the lower deck if it is a double-decked bus);
and

(b) outside the bus at the rear or on the near side,

with the number of passengers for whom seats are provided on each
deck of the bus and the number of standing passengers who may be
carried in a single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a doubledecked
bus while it is in motion (as specified in the registration document
issued in respect of that vehicle).

49. Every public light bus and private light bus shall be plainly and
correctly marked in English and Chinese writing of uniform size not less
than 100 millimetres in height, on the outside of the vehicle on both the
near and off sides, with the number of passengers for whom seats are
provided.

50. Every public light bus shall be plainly marked-

(a) in block letters and Chinese characters, of uniform size not
less than 100 millimetres in height, on the outside of the
vehicle on both the near and off sides, with the words
'Public Light Bus' and the characters
and

(b)in English and Chinese writing, of uniform size not less than
25 millimetres in height, in a conspicuous place inside the
vehicle, with the registration mark of the public light bus and
name and address of the owner.

51. Every private light bus, which is used for the carriage for
hire or reward to or from an educational institution of the students.
teachers or employees of the institution, shall bear on the outside of
the vehicle on both the near and off sides a sign on which is inscribed
on a yellow background in a clearly contrasting colour-




(a) in Chinese characters, of uniform size not less than 150
millimetres in height; and

(b) in English, in block capital letters of uniform size not less
than 150 millimetres in height,

the name of the educational institution to or from which the
students, teachers or employees are being carried.

52. The owner of every bus, public light bus, private light bus and
taxi shall ensure that

(a)the markings required by these regulations to be on the
vehicle are kept legible at all times; and

(b)the vehicle is kept painted at all times in accordance with
these regulations.

53. (1) No motor vehicle shall be-

(a)marked with any marking required by these regulations to be
on a public light bus, private light bus or taxi; or

(b)so marked as to closely resemble a public light bus, private
light bus or taxi,

unless the vehicle is a public light bus, private light bus or taxi as the
case may be.

(2) No motor vehicle shall be-

(a)painted with such colour, combination of colours or colour
scheme as the Commissioner may specify under regulation
47(1); or

(b)so painted as to closely resemble such colour, combination of
colours or colour scheme,

unless the vehicle is a public bus, public light bus or taxi.

54. (1) No bus, public light bus, private light bus or taxi shall bear
any marking, colour marking, sign, word, figure or character other than
such as

(a)is required or permitted, under any Ordinance or under any
condition subject to which a motor vehicle licence has been
issued in respect of the vehicle, to be borne on the vehicle; or

(b) the Commissioner may in writing permit.

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onal inst
~ees

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(2) No bus, public light bus, private light bus or taxi shall have
marked on it a number purporting to be the seating or standing capacity
of the vehicle, unless the number accords with







(a)the number of passengers for whom seats are provided in the
vehicle; and





(b)the number of standing passengers who may be carried in a
single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a double-decked
bus while it is in motion,
entered in the registration document in respect of that vehicle.

55. (1) The stability of a double-decked bus shall be such that
when loaded with weights placed in the correct relative positions to
represent the driver and a full complement of passengers on the
upper deck only, if the surface on which the vehicle stands were
tilted to either side to an angle of 28 degrees from the horizontal, the
point at which overturning occurs would not be passed.

(2) The stability of a single-decked bus and light bus shall be
such that when loaded with weights placed in the correct relative
positions to represent the driver and a full complement of pas-
sengers, if the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to
either side to an angle of 35 degrees from the horizontal, the point at
which overturning occurs would not be passed.

(3) For the purpose of conducting tests of stability the height
of any stop used to prevent a wheel of the bus or light bus from
slipping sideways shall not be greater than two thirds of the distance
between the surface upon which the vehicle stands before it is tilted
and that part of the rim of that wheel which is the nearest to such
surface when the vehicle is loaded in accordance with the require-
ments of this regulation.
(4) For the purposes of this regulation, 57 kilograms shall be
deemed to represent the weight of one person.

56. No part of a bus or light bus, other than a direction
indicator or a driving mirror. shall project laterally beyond the outer
face of the outer tyre of the rearmost wheel on the same side of the
vehicle as the projection in the case of-
(a) a bus, by more than 150 millimetres; and
(b) a light bus, by more than 180 millimetres.

57. (1) If any two wheels on the same side of a bus have a
clear space of more than 600 millimetres between their nearest
points, a guard rail, running board or other similar-device, which
shall extend to within 220 millimetres of the front wheel and 150
millimetres of the rear wheel, shall be fixed to guard such space
effectively to within at least 250 millimetres of the ground when the
vehicle is carrying no passengers and is standing on level ground.
(2) Any guard rail fitted in compliance with this regulation
shall be so constructed and fitted that, when necessary, by raising the
rail or otherwise, access can easily be obtained to any part of the
space underneath the vehicle.

58. (1) Where brake and steering connexions of a bus are
secured with bolts or pins, the bolts or pins shall be threaded and
effectively locked.





(2) The steering arm, steering rods and joints and all other
moving parts of the steering mechanism of a bus shall be kept clean
and free from rust.

(3) The ball and socket joints of steering connexions when
such are used in the steering mechanism of a bus shall not be
pendant:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to spring loaded
self-adjusting spherical joints.

(4) Dust-excluding covers fitted to any joint or connexion of
the steering mechanism of a bus shall be capable of being easily
removed to facilitate inspection.

59. No portion of any wheel of a bus or any of its fittings shall
project more than 90 millimetres beyond the extreme outer face of
the tyre when fully inflated.

60. (1) No fuel tank shall, in any single-decked bus, half-
decked bus or lower deck of a double-decked bus, be placed under
any part of any gangway or under any part of any passage leading to
an emergency exit (not being a secondary emergency exit) if that part
of the gangway or passage is within 600 millimetres of any entrance
or exit.

(2) No fuel tank shall. in any light bus, be placed immediately
under any entrance or exit or within 300 millimetres of any entrance
or exit and no filling point, for a fuel tank shall be situated at the rear
of the- vehicle.

(3) No part of any fuel tank or apparatus for the supply of fuel
shall, in any bus or light bus, be placed in the compartments or other
spaces provided for the accommodation of the driver or passengers.

(4) All fuel tanks and all apparatus supplying fuel to the
engine shall, in every bus and light bus, be so placed or shielded that
no fuel overflowing or leaking therefrom can fall or accumulate
upon any woodwork forming part of the vehicle or upon any other
part of the vehicle or fitting thereto such that it might readily be
ignited or can fall into any receptacle where it might accumulate.

(5) The filling points for all fuel tanks shall, in every bus and
light bus, be accessible only from the outside of the vehicle and filler
caps shall be so designed and constructed that they cannot be
dislodged by accidental operation and any vent hole shall be
protected from danger of penetration by fire and shall be so designed
as to prevent fuel from being splashed over.

(6) A device shall be provided in every bus and light bus by
means of which the supply of fuel to any carburettor or, in the case
of a fuel injection pump, to the injection nozzles, can be readily cut
off and the following requirements shall be complied with in respect
thereof-





(a)the means of operation shall at all times be readily accessible
from outside the vehicle and, except in the case of a vehicle
fitted with an engine having a fuel injection system, shall be
readily visible from the outside of the vehicle; and

(b)in a case where the device is so visible, the 'off' position of
the means of operation thereof shall be clearly marked also on
the outside of the vehicle, and in a case where the said device
is not so visible, its position shall be clearly marked on the
outside of the vehicle and the means of operation shall also
be clearly indicated.

61. (1) The exhaust pipe of every bus and light bus shall be so
fitted or shielded, and maintained that

(a)no inflammable material can be thrown upon it from any other
part of the vehicle;

(b)it is not likely to cause a fire through proximity to any
inflammable material on the vehicle; and

(c)so far as is reasonably practicable, fumes are prevented from
entering the vehicle, from it.

(2) The outlet of the exhaust pipe of every bus and light bus shall
be placed

(a) on the off side of the vehicle; or

(b)at the rear of the vehicle, as near as is reasonably practicable
to the off side of the vehicle.

62. All moving parts of a bus -.rid light bus and all parts subject to
severe vibration which are connected by bolts or studs and nuts shall
be fastened by lock nuts or by nuts and efficient spring or locking
washers or by castellated nuts and split pins or by some other efficient
device to prevent their working or coming loose.

63. (1) In every bus-

(a)adequate internal lighting shall be povided for the illumination
of

(i) each deck thereof having a permanent top;

(ii) any step or platform thereof forming part of any
entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit;

(b)at least one lamp shall be provided as near as reasonably
practicable to the top of every staircase leading to an upper
deck thereof not having a permanent top; and

(c)all lighting circuits shall be so arranged that an electrical
failure of any lighting sub-circuit shall not be capable of
extinguishing all the lights on any deck thereof.

(2) Adequate internal lighting shall be provided in every light bus
for the illumination of the light bus and any step or platform





thereof forming part of any entrance or exit, other than an emergency
exit, and all lighting circuits shall be so arranged that an electrical failure
of any lighting sub-circuit shall not be capable of extinguishing all the
lights therein.

64. (1) All electrical apparatus and circuits in every bus and light
bus shall be so constructed and installed as to guard adequately
against the risk of electric shock and the outbreak of fire.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), where the voltage exceeds 100 volts in
one or more electrical circuits in a bus or light bus, a manually operated
isolating switch which is capable of disconnecting all such circuits from
the main electrical supply shall be connected in each pole of that
supply which is not electrically connected to earth, and shall be located
inside the bus or light bus in a position readily accessible to the driver
or conductor.

(3) No isolating switch fitted under paragraph (2) shall be capable
of disconnecting any electrical circuit supplying the lamps required to
be carried under Part VII of these regulations.

(4) In this regulation any reference to an electrical circuit is a
reference to an electrical circuit not being a high tension ignition circuit
or a circuit with-in a unit of equipment.

65. (1) In every bus and light bus-

(a)the top of the tread of the lowest step provided at any
entrance or exit, other than an emergency exit, shall be not
more than 450 millimetres nor less than 250 millimetres above
the ground when the vehicle is empty;

(b) all steps shall be fitted with non-slip treads; and

(c)fixed steps shall be not less than 230 millimetres in depth and
shall in no case project laterally beyond the- body of the
vehicle unless they are so protected by the front wings of the
vehicle or otherwise that they are not liable to injure
pedestrians.

(2) In eve ry bus-

(a)any rear platform shall be not more than 450 millimetres nor
less than 250 millimetres above the ground when the vehicle
is empty;

(b)the outer edge of any rear platform shall be fitted with non-
slip treads; and

(c) risers shall not be more than 270 millimetres in height.

(3) Without prejudice to paragraph (1), in the case of a double-
decked bus

(a)the risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck
shall be closed and no unguarded aperture shall be left at the
top landing board;





(b)all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be
fitted with non-slip treads;

(c)the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the riser of
the top step to the vertical line passing through the nearest
point of the seat opposite to the top tread of the staircase,
excluding any grab rail which does not project more than 200
millimetres from the back of the seat, shall not be less than 600
millimetres; and

(d)the outer stringer of an outside staircase shall be so
constructed, or a band shall be so placed, as to act as a screen
to persons ascending or descending, and the height of the
outer guard rail shall not be less than 1.2 metres above the
front of the tread of each step.

(4) The deck of every bus shall be fitted with a non-slip surface.

66. (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), a bus which has a seating
capacity not exceeding 45 passengers shall be provided with 2 exits so
placed as not to be on the same side of the bus and one of which may
be a primary emergency exit but neither of which shall be a secondary
emergency exit.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a bus which has a
seating capacity exceeding 23 passengers and which is provided with
an exit by virtue of its having a rear platform which communicates with a
deck (being, in the case of a double-decked bus, the lower deck) by
means of a doorless opening and has a doorless opening on the near
side of the bus continuous with another such opening at the rear of
the bus, that opening serving together as a means of entrance to or exit
from the bus.

(3) Where the exits provided in accordance with paragraph (1) are
so placed that the distance between their centres is

(a)in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 23
passengers, less than 3 metres;

(b)in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity not
exceeding 23 passengers, less than 2.4 metres,

a primary emergency exit or secondary emergency exit shall be provided
and so placed that there is a distance of

(i) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 23
passengers, not less than 3 metres; and

(ii) in the case of a bus which has a seating capacity not
exceeding 23 passengers, not less than, 2.4 metres,

between the nearest points of the openings of that exit and one of the
two exits required by paragraph (1).

(4) A bus which has a seating capacity exceeding 45 passengers
shall be provided with 3 exits which shall comply with the following
requirements





(a) one of the exits may be a secondary emergency exit;

(b)2 of the exits (neither being a secondary emergency exit)
shall be so placed as not to be on the same side of the bus;

(c)where 2 exits are placed on the same side of the bus, the
distance between their centres shall not be less than 3
metres; and

(d)one of the exits (not being a secondary emergency exit)
shall be placed at the front end of the bus so that the
distance between its centre and the foremost part of the bus
is not more than 3 metres and another of the exits (not
being a secondary emergency exit) shall be placed at the
rear end of the bus so that the distance between its centre
and the rearmost part of the bus is not more than 3 metres.

(5) In the case of a half-decked bus, an emergency exit of
dimensions not less than 1 500 millimetres by 450 millimetres shall
be provided in the roof of the bus and so placed that the transverse
centre line of that exit lies within 600 millimetres of the mid-point
between the front edges of the foremost and of the rearmost
passenger seats in the bus.

(6) Where, in the case of a double-decked bus which has a
permanent top. access to the upper deck is obtained by means of an
enclosed staircase, an emergency exit of dimensions not less than
1 500 millimetres by 450 millimetres shall be provided on that deck
and placed otherwise than on the near side of the vehicle.

(7) Every entrance provided in a bus shall be placed on the
near side of the bus, but one or more entrances may be provided on
the off side of the bus if-

(a)in respect of any entrance so provided it is not also an exit
provided in accordance with any of the foregoing provi-
sions in this regulation;

(b)every such entrance is fitted with a door which can be
controlled only by the driver while sitting in his seat; and

(c)the device available to the driver for opening or closing
that door is a separate and readily distinguishable device
from that available to the driver for opening or closing any
door fitted to the near side of the bus:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in the case of a bus
referred to in paragraph (2).

(8) Handrails shall be fitted on each side of every entrance and
exit provided in a bus (other than an emergency exit) to assist
passengers to board or alight from the vehicle.

(9) The width of every entrance and exit provided in a bus
(other than the secondary emergency exit or an emergency exit
provided in accordance with paragraphs (5) and (6)) shall be-





(a) not less than 500 millimetres; and

(b)in the case of an exit which serves both decks of a double-
decked bus (disregarding any stanchion), being an exit which
is either

.(i) the only such exit in the bus; or

(ii) the exit most readily and directly associated with a
staircase serving the upper deck,

not less than 900 millimetres:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply in the case of an exit
referred to in paragraph (2) if the width of that exit measured along the
side of the bus is not less than 500 millimetres and its width measured
along the rear of the bus is not less than 450 millimetres.

(10) For the purposes of this regulation

(a)references to the seating capacity of a vehicle shall, in the
case of a double-decked bus, be treated as references to the
seating capacity of its lower deck;

(b)references to the distance between the centres or between the
nearest points of the openings of 2 exits in a bus are
references to the distance between lines drawn at rightangles
to the longitudinal axis of the bus and passing respectively
through the centres or, as the case may be, the nearest points
of the openings of the exits at gangway level; and

(c)the reference to the distance between the centre of an exit
placed at the front end of a bus and the foremost part of the
bus is a reference to the distance between lines drawn at right-
angles to the longitudinal axis of the bus and passing through
the centre of that exit and the said foremost part and the
reference to the distance between the centre of an exit placed
at the rear end of a bus and the rearmost part of the bus is a
reference to the distance between lines drawn as aforesaid
and passing through the centre of that exit and the said
rearmost part.

(11) A bus shall not be treated as failing to comply with this
regulation by reason only that a number of exits are provided in excess
of the number specified in relation to it by this regulation.

67. (1) On a light bus there shall be either-

(a)not less than 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit)
which shall

(i) not both be situated on the same side of the vehicle; and

(ii) be situated to the rear of the driver's seat; or

(b) one exit in the back of the vehicle.





(2) Handrails shall be fitted on each side of every entrance and
exit provided in a light bus (other than an emergency exit) to assist
passengers to board or alight from the vehicle.

(3) Every entrance and every emergency exit of a light bus
shall, subject to paragraph (5), be not less than 530 millimetres wide.
(4) The clear height of every exit of a light bus shall be not less
than 1.2 metres.

(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the Commissioner may
permit in writing the use of a light bus the entrances or exits of which
are less than 530 millimetres wide.

68. (1) In every bus and light bus-

(a)means shall be provided for holding every entrance and
exit door securely in the closed position and, where any
such door is capable of remaining open when the vehicle is
in motion or of being accidentally closed by the movement
of the vehicle, means shall also be provided for holding
that door securely in the open position;

(b)subject to paragraph (3), every entrance and exit door shall
be provided with at least 2 devices (of which one may be a
device provided for use in circumstances of normal opera-
tion only by a person authorized by the owner of the
vehicle, and one, but not more than one, shall be provided
on the outside of the vehicle) being in each case a device for
operating the means for holding the door securely in the
closed position, and every such device shall be so designed
that a single movement of it will allow that door to be
readily opened;

(e) there shall be clearly indicated-
(i) the method of operation of any device referred to in
sub-paragraph (b);
(ii) the position of such a device where it is not placed
on the door;
(iii) the direction and points of application of any
manual effort required to open any door; and
(iv) in the case of a power-operated door, a prohibition
against passengers using the device except in an emergency;
(d)where any device referred to in sub-paragraph (b) is not
placed on the door, it shall be placed so as to be readily
associated with that door and so that a person of normal
height may conveniently operate the device without risk of
being injured by movement of the door;
(e)every device referred to in sub-paragraph (b), other than a
device provided on the outside of an emergency exit on the
upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a
half-decked bus, shall be easily accessible to persons of
normal height;





the means and devices referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) and
(b) shall be so designed and fitted that they are unlikely to
become dislodged or be operated accidentally;

(g)every door shall operate so as not to obstruct clear access to
any entrance or exit from inside or outside the vehicle;

(h)the storage and transmission system of the power for
operating any power-operated door shall be such that
operation of the doors does not adversely affect the efficient
operation of the braking system of the vehicle and the
apparatus shall be so designed and constructed that in the
event of the system becoming inoperative the door shall be
capable of being operated manually from inside and outside
the vehicle;

(i)the design of power-operated doors and their associated
equipment at entrances and exits shall be such that, when
opening or closing, the doors are unlikely to injure any
passenger; and

(j)no power-operated door shall be capable of being operated
while the vehicle is in motion except by operation of a device
referred to in sub-paragraph (b) not being a device provided
for use in circumstances of normal operation only by a person
authorized by the owner of the vehicle.

(2) Any bus or light bus which has a power-operated door which,
when open or being operated, projects laterally beyond the body of the
vehicle, shall be so constructed or adapted that it cannot move from rest
under its own power when the door is open.

(3) A bus or light bus shall not be deemed to fail to comply with
paragraph (1)(b) by reason only of the fact that, for the purposes of
securing the vehicle when unattended, any entrance or exit door has
been fitted with a supplementary lock with or without an actuating
mechanism if the lock is so designed and constructed that a single
movement of any device referred to in paragraph (1)(b), being a device
provided on the inside of the vehicle, will at all times allow that door to
be readily opened.

69. (1) In every bus and light bus-

(a) all emergency exits shall-

(i) be clearly marked as such inside and outside the vehicle
in English and Chinese writing;

(ii) be fitted with doors which open outwards;

(iii) except in the case of an emergency exit provided in the
roof of a half-decked bus, be readily accessible to
passengers;

1

(b)the means of operation of doors fitted to emergency exits
shall be clearly indicated;





(c)the doors of emergency exits shall not be fitted with any
system of power operation; and

(d)the means of operation of the doors of emergency exits
other than those provided in the upper deck of a double-
decked bus or in the roof of a half-decked bus shall be
readily accessible to persons of normal height standing at
ground level outside the vehicle.

(2) All emergency exits in a single-decked bus or half-decked
bus, or in the lower deck of a double-decked bus, shall be so situated
that passengers can step directly from the passage referred to in
regulation 71(7) to the outside of the vehicle:

Provided that this requirement shall not apply in the case of an
emergency exit provided in the roof of the vehicle or in the case of a
secondary emergency exit.

70. (1) In every bus and light bus-

(a)subject to paragraph (2), there shall be unobstructed access
from every seat in the vehicle-
(i) in a case where the vehicle is, in accordance with
these regulations, provided with only one exit, to that exit;
and
(ii) in a case where the vehicle is, in accordance with
these regulations, provided with 2 or more exits, to both
or, as the case may be, to at least 2 of those exits; and

(b) no seat shall be fitted to any door of the vehicle.

(2) Paragraph (1)(a) shall not apply in relation to any seat in a
vehicle-

(a)which is placed beside the driver's seat if there is un-
obstructed access to that seat by means of an entrance
other than the driver's entrance; or

(b)which is placed on a deck which does not have a permanent
top if there is unobstructed access from every seat on that
deck to an exit.

71. (1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, in every
bus and light bus-

(a) the width of every gangway shall be not less than-
(i) 300 millimetres up to a height of 750 millimetres
above the level of the deck of the vehicle;
(ii) 350 millimetres at heights exceeding 750 millimetres
but not exceeding 1 200 millimetres above the level of the
deck of the vehicle; and
(iii) 460 millimetres at heights exceeding 1200 milli-
metres above the level of the deck of the vehicle; and





(b)a vertical line projected upwards from the centre line of any
gangway at deck level shall, to the height prescribed in
regulation 72 as the height of that gangway, be laterally not
less than 150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle other
than the roof above the gangway.

(2) No part of any gangway in a bus, which is within 900
millimetres of an entrance or exit (other than an emergency exit) to
which it provides access, shall be less than 530 millimetres in width.

(3) No part of any gangway in a double-decked bus, which serves
as a joint means of access from any entrance to both the upper and
lower decks, or to that exit (other than an emergency exit) which is most
readily and directly associated with any staircase from both the upper
and lower decks, shall be less than 900 millimetres in width.

(4) For the purposes of this regulation, when any space in front of
a seat in a bus is required for the accommodation of seated passengers,
the space within 230 millimetres of the seat shall not be taken into
account in measuring the width of a gangway.

(5) Where a part of a gangway which adjoins an entrance or exit of
a bus or light bus is divided by a handrail, the width of that part of the
gangway at any point on each side of the handrail shall be not less than
460 millimetres.

(6) Where 2 passenger seats are placed parallel to the longitudinal
axis of a bus or light bus and face each other and the space between
those seats is not required for the purpose of obtaining access from an
entrance to any other seat or from any other seat to an exit (not being an
emergency exit). that space shall not for the purposes of this regulation
and regulation 72 be treated as forming part of the gangway.

In this paragraph 'passenger seat means a seat for one passenger
only or the portion of a continuous seat allowed for one passenger only
measured in accordance with regulation 73(1)(b).

(7) Subject to paragraph (6), between every exit (not being an
emergency exit provided in the roof of a half-decked bus) and gangway
of a bus or light bus there shall be a passage which shall

(a)be of dimensions not less than those prescribed for a
gangway in paragraph (1)(a);

(b)be so designed that a vertical line projected upwards from the
centre line of the passage at deck level to a height of 750
millimetres from the level of the deck is laterally not less than
150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle (excluding any
cowling or cover which projects not more than 230 millimetres
from the bulkhead of the vehicle into the passage at deck level
and not more than 230 millimetres above the deck level and the
provision of which is required by the projection of part of the
chassis or mechanism of the vehicle into the body); and





(c)subject to paragraph (8)(b), have a clear height at every point
along the centre line of the passage of 1.5 metres from the
deck level.

(8)(a) For the purposes of paragraph (7)(a) and (b), a seat placed
below or in front of an emergency exit, being such an exit
provided on the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the
roof of a half-decked bus or which is a secondary emergency
exit, shall be deemed to form part of such a passage; and

(b) -paragraph (7)(c) shall not apply in the case of a passage in a
bus leading to an emergency exit, being such an exit provided
on the upper deck of a double-decked bus or in the roof of a
half-decked bus or which is a secondary emergency exit, nor
shall it apply in the case of a light bus.

72. (1) In every bus-

(a)the clear height at every point along the centre line of any
gangway between the limits specified in paragraph (3) shall be
1.72 metres;

(b)except in respect of any part of any gangway placed on the
off side of the bus which is required only to provide access to
the foremost passenger seat in the bus, the clear height shall,
outside the limits specified in paragraph (3), be not less than-
the clear height prescribed in relation to the bus in sub-
paragraph (a) of this paragraph reduced by 100 millimetres;

(2) No part of any gangway in the top deck of a doubledecked bus
shall project into the compartment or other space provided for the
accommodation of the driver in such a manner as to incommode the
driver or cause his view of the road to the front of the bus or to the
sides thereof to be restricted.

(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the clear height prescribed in
paragraph (1)(a) shall, in the case of the lower deck of a doubledecked
bus, extend throughout the gangway and in any other case shall extend
from the front. edge of the foremost passenger seat adjacent to the
gangway to the front edge of the rearmost passenger seat adjacent to
that gangway.

(4) Where any gangway is on the off side of the bus, it shall be a
sufficient compliance with paragraph (1)(a) if the clear height of 1.72
metres extends from a point 460 millimetres behind the front edge of the
foremost passenger seat adjacent to that gangway to the front edge of
the rearmost passenger seat adjacent thereto.

(5) In every light bus the clear height at every point along the
centre line of any gangway in the light bus, except for a distance of 300
millimetres along that line measured from each entrance and exit, shall
be not less than 1.37 metres and, in the case of the said distance, shall
be not less than 1.2 metres.





73. (1) In every bus and light bus-

(a)the supports of all seats shall be secured to the body of the
vehicle;

(b)a length of at least 380 millimetres measured horizontally
along the back of each seat shall be allowed for the
accommodation of a seated passenger:

Provided that in the case of a continuous seat fitted
with arms for the purpose of separating the seating spaces,
being arms so constructed that they can be folded back or
otherwise put out of use, the seat shall be measured for the
purposes of this sub-paragraph as though it were not fitted
with arms;

(c)every seat shall have a back rest so closed or otherwise
constructed as to prevent, as far as reasonably practicable,
the pockets or other personal belongings of passengers
from being picked or subject to theft;

(d) all seats shall be so fitted-
(i) that the distance between any part of the back rest of
any seat placed lengthwise and the corresponding part of
the back rest of the seat facing it shall be not less than 1.38
metres;
(ii) that there is a clear space of at least 650 millimetres
in front of the back rest of any seat measured from the
centre of each complete length of the seat allowed for the
accommodation of a seated passenger in accordance with
sub-paragraph (b) and a clear space of 230 millimetres in
front of any part of that seat:
Provided that in the case of a seat for more than 3
passengers where access to that seat can be obtained only
from one end of the seat, the clear spaces shall respectively
be at least 680 millimetres and 300 millimetres;
(e)there shall be a clear space of at least 480 millimetres
between any part of the front edge of any transverse seat
and any part of any other seat which faces it;

for the purposes of sub-paragraph (e), any support pro-
vided for a table shall be disregarded if there is a clear
space of at least 230 millimetres between that support and
the front edge of the nearest seat and the support is not in
such a position as to cause discomfort to passengers
occupying the seats;

(g)no seat shall be placed in such a position as to cause
discomfort to passengers;

(h)there shall, in respect of every seat, be a clear space
measured vertically from the centre of each complete
length of the seat allowed for the accommodation. of a





seated passenger in accordance with sub-paragraph (b)
which shall be, in the case of a light bus not less than 910
millimetres and, in the case of a bus, not less than 960
millimetres;

(i)where any seat is so placed that there is a risk that a
passenger seated upon it may be thrown through any entrance
to or exit from the vehicle or down a stairway in the vehicle, an
effective screen or guard shall be placed so as to afford
adequate protection against that occurrence to a passenger
occupying that seat; and

(j)the shortest distances between the edge of the well of any
step in the vehicle and a vertical plane passing through the
front edge of any seat shall be not less than 230 millimetres:

Provided that this sub-paragraph shall not apply in the
case of the well of a step provided as a means of obtaining
access only to any forward-facing front passenger seat
placed alongside the driver in a light bus.

(2) In this regulation-

'back rest includes any part of the vehicle which is available for

seated passengers to lean against; 'seat' means a passenger seat.

74. (1) The Commissioner shall on the registration of a bus
calculate the total number of standing passengers that may be carried
on a single-decked bus or on the lower deck of a doubledecked bus by
dividing the total floor area of that deck, in square metres, available to
standing passengers, by 0.17; such total floor area shall not include

(a)any space within 230 millimetres of the front of a seat required
for the accommodation of seated passengers;

(b)that part of any gangway or any passage to an emergency exit
which is within 230 millimetres of any step-well except where
adequate means (such as a guard or screen) is provided to
prevent passengers being thrown into such step-well;

(c)any step and any space within 230 millimetres of an entrance
or exit, the space being measured from the outside of the bus
and having the same width as the opening;

(d)any space forward of the rearmost point of the driver's seat;

(e)any space on which it is not possible to place a square of 300
millimetres sides;

any space not connected to a gangway, entrance or exit by
space available to standing passengers; or





(g)in the case of a double-decked bus, any space within 230
millimetres of the riser of the bottom step of any staircase.

(2) In every bus, grab-rails, straps, stanchions or other devices of
adequate strength shall be so placed that at least one such means of
support is available to each standing passenger of normal height.

(3) The design and location of the devices referred to in paragraph
(2) shall have due regard to the effect of surge on a *group of standing
passengers during abnormal deceleration of the bus, such as might
occur during any emergency stop.

75. Adequate ventilation shall be provided in every bus and light
bus for the driver and passengers.

76. (1) Every bus and light bus shall comply with the following
requirements

(a)the vehicle shall be so designed that the driver, when sitting
in his seat, has adequate room and can readily reach and
operate the controls, including the devices for controlling the
direction indicators and stop lamps;

(b)the controls shall be so placed as to allow reasonable access
to the driver's scat;

(e)the accommodation for the driver shall be so arranged as to
afford adequate protection in bad weather;

(d)means shall be provided to enable the driver to see the
passengers on each deck without leaving his seat;

(e)means shall be provided to prevent light from the interior of
the vehicle from incommoding the driver and in respect of any
window placed on that side of the centre line of the vehicle
which is occupied by the driver, the means so provided shall
be capable of being operated by the driver when in his seat;

where access to the driver's seat is obtained from the off side
of the vehicle

(i) an opening in the side of the vehicle shall be provided
which shall have a clear width of not less than 450 millimetres,
except where this dimension cannot be provided by reason
only of the presence of a portion of the wheel arch in that
opening; and

(ii) a step shall be provided on the vehicle at a convenient
position and height adjacent to the opening if the lowest
point of the sill of that opening is more than 650 millimetres
from ground level when the vehicle is unladen;

(g)where a separate and enclosed compartment is provided for
the driver and access to the driver's seat is obtained from the
off side of the vehicle., an emergency escape





window shall be provided (otherwise than on the offside of
that compartment) which shall be readily accessible to the
driver and shall have a clear opening with dimensions of
not less than 530 millimetres by 460 millimetres; and

(h)where any seat for a passenger is placed to the side of the
driver's seat-
(i) whether the seat is a separate seat or is continuous
with the driver's seat, a space of at least 460 millimetres
measured from the centre of the steering column on the
side on which the seat is placed shall be reserved for use
solely by the driver; and
(ii) if the seat is continuous with the driver's seat or if it
is a separate seat so placed that any part of it is nearer to
the centre of the steering column than 460 millimetres, the
said space shall be divided off by means of a solid partition
having a height of at least 230 millimetres measured from
the seat level of the driver's seat and extending for the
whole depth of the seat.

(2) Every bus shall comply with the following requirements-

(a)the driver's seat shall be capable of being adjusted in a
vertical direction and in a horizontal direction parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the bus and of being firmly secured
in any desired position within the limits of such adjust-
ments; the range of such adjustments shall permit the seat
to be fixed in a position such that the horizontal distance
between the nearest part of the steering wheel and the back
rest of the seat is 350 millimetres and the vertical distance
between the lowest part of the steering wheel and the
horizontal plane level with the top of the seat cushion is
200 millimetres and also as to permit the seat to be
adjusted at least 50 millimetres forwards, backwards,
upwards and downwards from that position;

(b)direct and reasonable access shall be provided to the
driver's seat either from the off side of the bus or by means
of a passage which shall be not less than 300 millimetres in
width up to a height of 760 millimetres above the floor of
the bus and not less than 350 millimetres above that height
and shall comply with the requirement prescribed in rela-
tion to the gangway of a bus by regulation 7 1 (1)(b); and

(c)where access to the driver's seat is obtained from the off
side of the bus a grab handle shall be fitted to assist the
driver in boarding and alighting from the bus.

77. The side windows in a single-decked bus with a permanent
top and in the lower and upper decks of a double-decked bus shall,
when open, if required by the Commissioner, be adequately guarded
to a height of 1 metre from the deck.





78. All luggage racks fitted in a bus and light bus shall be so
designed. and constructed that no article placed thereon, if it becomes
dislodged whilst the vehicle is in motion, is likely to fall on the driver or
interfere with his control of the vehicle.

PART IV

GOODS VEHICLES AND SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES

79. (1) The owner of every goods vehicle and special purpose
vehicle shall cause his name and address, the permitted gross vehicle
weight as shown in the registration document in respect of such vehicle
and the maximum permitted axle weight to be painted or otherwise
plainly marked upon some conspicuous place on both sides of the
vehicle.

(2) The markings under paragraph (1) shall be in English and in
Chinese characters and shall be inscribed in white on a black surface in
letters, characters and figures not less than 25 millimetres in height and
shall at all times be kept clean and unobsured by the owner.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) 'white' includes the colour
of polished aluminium or chromium plating.

80. On every goods vehicle and special purpose vehicle the
exhaust pipe shall be so fitted or shielded, and maintained that

(a)no inflammable material can be thrown upon it from any other
part of the vehicle;

(b)it is not likely to cause a fire through proximity to any
inflammable material in the vehicle or being carried on the
vehicle, and

(c)the exhaust outlet is not directed to the near side of the
vehicle.

81. Where the driving cab of a goods vehicle or special purpose
vehicle is specifically designed to carry passengers, seating
accommodation for the carriage of not more than 5 passengers may be
installed in a manner approved by the Commissioner.

PART V

TRAILERS

82. (1) The owner of every trailer shall cause his name and address,
the permitted gross vehicle weight as shown in the registration
document issued in respect of such vehicle and the maximum permitted
axle weight to be painted or otherwise plainly marked upon some
conspicuous place on the trailer.





(2) The markings under paragraph (1) shall be in English and in
Chinese characters and shall be inscribed in white on a black surface in
letters, characters and figures not less than 25 millimetres in height and
shall at all times be kept clean and unobscured by the owner.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2) 'white' includes the colour
of polished aluminium or chromium plating.

83. (1) Subject to paragraphs (5) and (6), every trailer shall be
equipped with an efficient braking system complying with paragraphs
(2), (3) and (4).

(2) The braking system of every trailer shall be so designed and
equipped that when the trailer is being towed the brakes of such
braking system are capable of being applied to all the wheels of the
trailer by the driver of the towing vehicle using the means of applying
those brakes of the towing vehicle which are designed and constructed
to have the highest braking efficiency in accordance with regulation 19
of any of the brakes of any braking system with which the towing
vehicle is equipped.

(3) The braking system of every trailer shall be so designed and
constructed that when the trailer is stationary

(a)the brakes of such braking system can be applied to at least 2
wheels of the trailer and be released by a person standing on
the ground by a means of operation fitted to the trailer;

(b)the braking force of such braking system can, when applied in
the manner indicated in paragraph (2) or sub-paragraph (a), at
all times be maintained in operation by direct mechanical
action without the intervention of any hydraulic, electric or
pneumatic device; and

(c)the braking force of such braking system, when so applied
and so maintained in operation by direct mechanical action, is
capable of holding the trailer stationary on a gradient of at
least 1 in 6.25 without the assistance of stored energy.

(4) The braking system of every trailer shall be so constructed that
it is not rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine of the
towing vehicle.

(5) The provisions of paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a
trailer of a gross vehicle weight not exceeding 2 tonnes if the brakes of
the trailer automatically come into operation on the overrun of the
trailer.

(6) This regulation shall not apply to-

(a) any land implement towed by a motor vehicle;

(b)any trailer designed for and used for street cleaning, which
does not carry any load other than its necessary gear and
equipment; and





(c)any broken down vehicle which is being towed by a motor
vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.

84. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the rear wheels of every
trailer or, in the case of a two-wheeled trailer both its wheels, shall be
equipped with mudguards or other similar fittings extending to
cover the full width of the wheel and tyre and extending sufficiently
round the circumference of the wheel and tyre to catch, so far as is
reasonably practicable, mud or water thrown up by the rotation of
the wheels, unless adequate protection is afforded by the body of the
trailer.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to-

(a)trailers in an unfinished condition proceeding to a works
for completion;

(b) land implements;

(c)trailers used only for or, when empty. in connexion with
the carriage of round timber,

(d)trailers towed by a vehicle the maximum speed of which is
restricted to 20 kilometres per hour or less; and

(c)any broken down vehicle which is being towed by another
vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.

PART VI

MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLES

85. (1) Every motor cycle, motor tricycle and invalid carriage
shall be equipped with either an efficient braking system having 2
means of operation or 2 efficient braking systems each having a
separate means of operation, complying with paragraphs (2), (3)
and (4).

(2) The braking system or braking systems with which a motor
cycle, motor tricycle or invalid carriage is required to be equipped
shall be so designed and constructed that notwithstanding the failure
of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin)
through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the
brakes is transmitted there shall still be available for application by
the driver to at least one wheel brakes sufficient under the most
adverse conditions to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable
distance.

(3) The brakes of every motor cycle, motor tricycle and invalid
carriage shall as applied by one of the means of operation have a
braking efficiency of not less than 30 per cent and the brakes as
applied by the other means shall have a braking efficiency of not less
than 25 per cent.





(4) The application of one of the means of operation required
under paragraph (1) shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand
level of the other means of operation.

86. Every pedestrian-controlled vehicle exceeding 50 kilo-
grams in unladen weight shall be provided with efficient pneumatic
tyres on all wheels and an efficient brake in good working order.

87. (1) Every bicycle and tricycle shall be equipped with at
least one braking system.

(2) Every bicycle and tricycle having any wheel of which the
outside diameter *(including any tyre when fully inflated) exceeds 460
millimetres shall-

(a)if it is so constructed that one or more of the wheels is
incapable of rotating independently of the pedals, be
equipped with a braking system operating on the front
wheel or both the front wheels if it has 2 front wheels;

(b)if it is not so constructed as aforesaid. be equipped with 2
independent braking systems one of which operates on the
front wheel or both the front wheels if it has 2 front wheels,
and the other of which operates on the rear wheel or one of
the rear wheels if it has 2 rear wheels:

Provided that in the case of a tricycle not constructed
or adapted for the carriage of goods it shall be a sufficient
compliance with this sub-paragraph if the tricycle is
equipped with 2 independent braking systems operating on
the front wheel if it has 2 rear wheels, or on the rear wheel
if it has 2 front wheels.

(3) All braking systems required by this regulation shall be
efficient and shall be kept in proper working order.

(4) For the purposes of this regulation, a braking system shall
be deemed not to be efficient if the brake operates directly on the tyre
of any wheel.

(5) Nothing in this regulation shall apply to any bicycle or
tricycle-

(a)so constructed that the pedals act directly upon any wheel
or upon the axle of any wheel without the inter-position of
any gearing, chain or other device; or

(b)brought temporarily into Hong Kong by a person resident
abroad and intending to make only a temporary stay in
Hong Kong, for a period not exceeding one year from the
date of the arrival of the bicycle or tricycle in Hong Kong,
while the bicycle or tricycle is being used by that person, if
its brakes comply with the requirements of Article 26 of the
1949 Convention.





88. (1) Every bicycle and tricycle shall be fitted with a bell capable
of giving sufficient warning of the approach or presence of the vehicle.

(2) No bicycle or tricycle shall carry a warning instrument other
than a bell.

PART VII

LIGHTING AND REFLECTORS

89. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle in motion on
any road during the hours of darkness or poor visibility conditions shall
carry 2 lamps capable of showing to the front a white light visible from a
reasonable distance, which shall be attached to the motor vehicle in
such position and manner as is provided by these regulations.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in the case of-

(a) a motor cycle not having a sidecar attached thereto; and

(b) an invalid carriage,

only a single lamp capable of showing a white light to the front need be
carried.

(3) Every lamp required to be carried by this regulation shall be
maintained in clean and efficient condition.

90. (1) This regulation shall apply to every obligatory front lamp
showing a light which is derived from an electric bulb or a ,sealed beam
lamp:

Provided that it shall not apply to

(a) a lamp normally used as a direction indicator; and

(b)a lamp fitted with an electric bulb or bulbs, if the rated wattage
of any bulb, or the total rated wattage of all the bulbs which
are capable of being illuminated at the same time, does not
exceed 7 watts and the lamp is fitted with frosted glass or
other material which has the effect of diffusing the light.

(2) An obligatory front lamp shall be so constructed, fitted and
maintained that the beam of light emitted therefrom

(a) is at all times a dipped beam;

(b)can be deflected at the will of the driver so as to become a
dipped beam; or

(c)can be extinguished by the operation of a device which at the
same time either





(i) causes the lamp to emit a dipped beam; or (ii)
causes another lamp to emit a dipped beam.

(3) An obligatory front lamp shall not be held to comply with
paragraph (2)(a) unless it is so fixed that its centre is not less than 600
millimetres from the ground.

91. (1) Every obligatory front lamp shall be so fixed that-

(a)the highest part of the illuminated area of the lamp is not more
than 1.7 metres from the ground except that in the case of a
land tractor, agricultural tractor, industrial tractor, agricultural
implement or engineering plant the lamp may be so fixed that
the highest part of the illuminated area of the lamp is not more
than 2 metres from the ground: and

(b)no part of the vehicle or its equipment extends laterally on the
same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres beyond the
nearest part of the illuminated area of the lamp.

(2) Where 2 obligatory front lamps are carried on any vehicle they
shall be fixed on opposite sides of the vehicle and shall be fixed at the
same height from the ground.

(3) Where a dual-purpose lamp is carried on a sidecar attached. to a
motor cycle or on a land tractor, agricultural tractor or pedestrian-
controlled vehicle, such lamp may be so fixed that no part (including
equipment) of the sidecar, tractor, or pedestriancontrolled vehicle
extends laterally on the same side as the lamp more than 400 millimetres
from the nearest part of the illuminated area of the obligatory front lamp
combined in the dual-purpose lamp.

92. (1) Subject to paragraph (2) and regulations 108, 109, 111, 112,
113, 114 and 115, no vehicle shall carry any lamp capable of showing

(a) a red light to the front; or

(b)any light to the rear, other than a red light or a white light for
the purpose of reversing.

(2) Paragraph (1)(b) shall not prevent a vehicle from carrying a
lamp showing a light to the rear for the purposes of

(a) the internal illumination of the vehicle;

(b) illuminating a number plate or taximeter;

(c)illuminating a sign fitted on the top of the roof of a taxi in
accordance with regulation 45; or

(d)in the case of a public service vehicle, illuminating boards,
plates or devices indicating the route or destination of the
vehicle.





(3) No vehicle shall carry a lamp capable of showing a light to
the rear for the purpose of illuminating any device for giving signals
to overtaking traffic.

93. (1) Nothing in this Part shall require a vehicle to carry
separate lamps for different purposes if it carries a lamp satisfying all
the requirements which would be applicable to separate lamps
carried by it for those purposes.

(2) An obligatory rear lamp may be so constructed that, when
not showing a light, it is an efficient red reflector for the purposes of
regulation 106.

94. Except as otherwise provided in these regulations, no light
shown by a motor vehicle shall be capable of being swivelled,
deflected or otherwise moved while the vehicle is in motion:

Provided that the beam of light emitted from not more than 2
lamps showing a light to the front, other than the obligatory front
lamps, fitted to any motor vehicle may be deflected to either side by
the movement of, although not necessarily through the same angle
as, the front wheels of the vehicle when turned for the purpose of
steering the vehicle, if the centre of any such lamp is not more than 1
metre from the ground.

95. Every electric bulb used in a lamp, and every sealed beam
lamp, being in either case a lamp showing a light to the front fitted to
any motor vehicle, shall be indelibly marked with the rated wattage
thereof in a readily legible manner.

96. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be
equipped with headlamps in accordance with the provisions of these
regulations.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to-

(a) a pedestrian-controlled vehicle;

(b) a straddle carrier'.

(c) an agricultural implement or agricultural tractor;

(d) a road roller;

(e)a vehicle so constructed as to be incapable of exceeding 10
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power; and

(f)a vehicle brought temporarily into Hong Kong and used
by virtue of an international circulation permit if it com-
plies with the requirements as to lighting equipment and
reflectors contained in Part 11 of Annex 6 to the 1968
Convention.

97. (1) A motor vehicle which has 2 or 3 wheels shall carry-
(a)one headlamp in the vertical plane passing through the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the





purpose of ascertaining such axis, any sidecar attached
thereto) which either

(i) in the case of a motor cycle with or without a sidecar
attached thereto, can only emit a dipped beam; or

(ii) is wired to a device the operation of which at the will of
the driver can cause to be emitted from it either a main beam
or a dipped beam; or

(b)a matched pair of headlamps, both headlamps in the pair being
wired to a device the operation of which at the will of the
driver can cause to be emitted from them at the same time
either main beams or dipped beams.

(2) Every beam emitted by any. headlamp required to be carried by
this regulation shall be derived from the filament or filaments of an
electric bulb or bulbs, or from the filament or filaments of a sealed beam
lamp, the rating of such filament or at least one of such filaments not
being less than

(a)18 watts in the case of a main beam or dipped beam emitted by
a headlamp carried by a motor cycle with or without a sidecar
attached thereto; and

(b)24 watts in the case of a dipped beam, and 30 watts in the
case of a main beam, emitted by a headlamp carried by any
other vehicle.

(3) Where any vehicle carries a matched pair of headlamps in
accordance with this regulation, each of the headlamps in the pair shall,
except in the case of headlamps carried by a vehicle which is
engineering plant, an industrial tractor or motor cycle with or without a
sidecar attached thereto, be so positioned on one side of the vehicle
that no part of its illuminated area is less than 300 millimetrs from any
part of the illuminated area of the other headlamp in the pair.

98. (1) Every motor vehicle which has 4 or more wheels shall carry-

(a)a matched pair of headlamps, both headlamps in the pair
being wired to a device the operation of which at the will of
the driver can cause to be emitted from them at the same time
either main beams or dipped beams; or

(b)2 or more matched pairs of headlamps, the headlamps being
arranged so that

(i) they form 2 groups of headlamps, one on each side of
the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle;

(ii) the headlamps in one of the matched pairs, which are at
least as far away from the vertical plane passing through the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle as any other headlamps in
another matched pair of headlamps, can





each emit a dipped beam without at the same time emitting a
main beam, and so that every other headlamp can emit a main
beam; and

(iii) all the headlamps in both groups are wired to a device
the operation of which at the will of the driver can at the same
time extinguish every main beam emitted by every headlamp in
both groups, and cause either to be emitted or to continue to
be emitted the dipped beams from the 2 headlamps in the
matched pair which are at least as far away from the vertical
plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as
any other headlamps in another matched pair of headlamps:

Provided that in the case of a bus it shall be a sufficient compliance
with this paragraph if the bus carries a matched pair of headlamps one of
which can emit a dipped beam without either headlamp at the same time
emitting a main beam.

(2) Every main beam or dipped beam emitted by any headlamp
required to be carried by this regulation shall be derived from the
filament or filaments of an electric bulb or bulbs, or from the filament or
filaments of a sealed beam lamp, the rating of such filament or at least
one of such filaments not being less than 30 watts.

(3) Every headlamp which emits a dipped beam carried by a vehicle
in accordance with this regulation shall, except in the case of a headlamp
carried by a vehicle which is engineering plant or an industrial tractor,
be so positioned on one side of the vehicle that

(a)no part of its illuminated area is less than 600 millimetres from
any part of the illuminated area of any such headlamp on the
other side; and

(b)the outermost part of the illuminated area of the headlamp is
not more than 400 millimetres from the outermost part of the
vehicle on the side on which the headlamp is placed.

99. (1) In the case of a vehicle which carries one obligatory front
lamp and one obligatory headlamp, such lamps may be combined so as
to form a single unit.

(2) In the case of a motor cycle with a sidecar attached thereto,
being a vehicle which carries 2 obligatory front lamps and one
obligatory headlamp, one of the obligatory front lamps may be
combined with the obligatory headlamp so as to form a single unit.

(3) In the case of a vehicle which carries 2 obligatory front lamps
they may be combined

(a)in the case of a vehicle which has only 2 obligatory
headlamps, with such lamps; or

(b)with the 2 obligatory headlamps in the matched pair of
headlamps which are at least as far away from the vertical





plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as
any other obligatory headlamps in another matched pair of
obligatory headlamps,

so as to form 2 single units each comprising an obligatory headlamp
and an obligatory front lamp.

100. Every obligatory headlamp carried by a vehicle shall comply
with the following requirements

(a) it shall be securely fixed to the vehicle;

(b)it shall be so constructed and maintained that the direction of
the beam of light emitted therefrom can be adjusted whilst the
vehicle is stationary so that the headlamp when lit emits the
type of beam which it is required to be capable of emitting by
this Part; and

(c) it shall be kept in a clean and efficient condition.

101. Every matched pair of obligatory headlamps tarried by a
vehicle shall comply with the following requirements

(a)both headlamps in the pair shall have the same area and shape
when illuminated;

(b)both headlamps in the pair shall have their wiring arranged so
that

(i) if they can emit either main beams or dipped beams, the
beams which they can emit can only be switched on or off
together;

(ii) if they can emit both main beams and dipped beams, the
dipped beams can only be switched on or off together and the
main beams can only be switched on or off together;

(iii) if they can emit supplementary main beams, such
beams can only be switched on or off together with the main
beams emitted by another pair of obligatory headlamps; and

(c)both headlamps in the pair shall, when lit, emit beams of light
of the same colour.

Every main beam or dipped beam emitted by a headlamp or
fog lamp carried by a vehicle shall be a beam of white or yellow light.

103. Every vehicle listed in column 1 of the Seventh Schedule shall
carry obligatory rear lamps in accordance with the requirements
specified in the Seventh Schedule in respect of that vehicle.

104. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every obligatory rear lamp carried
on a vehicle shall, if circular, have an illuminated area not less than 50
millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated area





(a)not less than the area of a circle 50 millimetres in diameter; and

(b)of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in diameter may
be inscribed therein.

(2) Every obligatory rear lamp carried on a motor cycle with a
sidecar attached thereto shall, if circular, have an illuminated area of not
less than 40 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an illuminated
area

(a)of not less than the area of a circle of 40 millimetres in
diameter; and

(b)of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in diameter may
be inscribed therein.

(3) Every electric bulb used in an obligatory rear lamp carried on a
vehicle shall have a rated wattage of not less than 5 watts and the rated
wattage thereof shall be indelibly marked upon the glass or the metal
cap thereof in a readily legible manner.

(4) When 2 obligatory rear lamps are carried on a vehicle, both
lamps shall when illuminated have the same appearance and the same
illuminated area, and if such lamps are electrically operated, the wiring
shall be so arranged that in the event of any failure of a bulb in either of
the lamps the other lamp shall not thereby be extinguished.

105. (1) No vehicle shall carry more than 2 reversing lamps.

(2) Every reversing lamp carried on a vehicle shall comply with the
following requirements

(a) it shall be illuminated by electricity;

(b)it shall be so constructed that it cannot be switched on
otherwise than

(i) automatically by the selection of the reverse gear of the
vehicle; or

(ii) by the operation of a switch by the driver of the vehicle,
being a switch which serves no other purpose;

(c)the rated wattage of the electric bulb or the total rated wattage
of all such bulbs with which it is fitted or the rated wattage of
the sealed beam lamp with which it is fitted shall not exceed 24
watts; and

(d)it shall be so constructed, fitted and maintained that the light
emitted thereby is at all times a beam which -is deflected
downwards to such an extent that it is incapable of dazzling
any person who is on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle
at a greater distance than 8 metres from the reversing lamp and
whose eye-level is not less than one metre above that plane.





(3) Where a reversing lamp is so constructed and fitted that it
can be switched on by the operation of a switch by the driver of the
vehicle, the vehicle shall be equipped with a device so fitted as to be
readily visible to the driver at all times when in his seat and so
designed as to indicate when the reversing lamp is illuminated.

106. Every vehicle listed in column 1 of the Eighth Schedule
shall be fitted with reflectors in accordance with the requirements
specified in the Eighth Schedule in respect of that vehicle.

107. Every obligatory reflector shall comply with the following
requirements-

(a)the reflecting area shall, if circular, be not less than 40
millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, be-
(i) not less than the area of a circle 40 millimetres in
diameter; and
(ii) of such a shape that a circle of 25 millimetres in
diameter may be inscribed therein;

(b)the reflecting area shall be of such a shape as to be capable
of lying wholly within a circle of 150 millimetres in
diameter;

(c)the reflector shall be so attached to the vehicle that the
reflecting area of the reflector is in a vertical position and
facing squarely to the rear; and

(d)the reflector shall be kept clean and shall be plainly visible
from the rear.

108. (1) Subject to paragraph (4), every trailer forming part of
a combination of 2 or more vehicles with a total overall length of
more than 11 metres shall when on any road during the hours of
darkness or poor visibility conditions carry 2 front corner marker
lamps in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3).

(2) The 2 front corner marker lamps required to be carried
under paragraph (1) shall be carried one on each side of the
longitudinal axis of the trailer and attached to the trailer in such a
position that-

(a)no part of the illuminated area of either lamp is more than
1.5 metres behind the foremost part of the trailer, except
that the said distance of 1.5 metres may be extended to a
distance of not more than 3.5 metres behind the foremost
part of the trailer if by virtue of such extension no part of
the trailer to the front of either lamp has an overall width
of more than half the maximum overall width of the trailer;

(b)subject to paragraph (3), no part of the trailer on the same
side thereof as that on which such a lamp is carried projects
outwards more than 300 millimetres beyond a vertical line
through the nearest part of the illuminated area of the
lamp; and





(c)no part of the trailer obscures the light shown by a lamp
required to be carried in accordance with this regulation.

(3) Where a front corner marker lamp is attached to a trailer
so that-

(a)its illuminated area is more than 900 millimetres but not
more than 1.5 metres behind the foremost part of the
trailer and no part of that area is more than 1.5 metres
from the ground; and

(b)no part of the trailer on the same side thereof as that on
which the lamp is carried, being a part which is below a
height of 1.5 metres from the ground and to the front of the
illuminated area of the lamp, projects outwards more than
300 millimetres beyond a vertical line through the nearest
part of that illuminated area,

then the position of that lamp may be such that any other part of the
trailer on that side may project outwards by not more than 500
millimetres beyond a vertical line through the nearest part of the said
illuminated area.

(4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to-

(a)a trailer the overall length of which does not exceed 2.25
metres; and

(b)a broken down vehicle which is being towed by another
vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.

(5) 'For the purposes of this regulation, in ascertaining-

(a)the overall length of a trailer, its drawbar and any fitting
for the attachment thereof shall be disregarded;

(b)the foremost part of a trailer, its drawbar and any fitting
for the attachment thereof and the part (if any) of the
trailer that is more than 1.5 metres from the ground shall
be disregarded.

109. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every trailer forming part of
combination of 2 or more vehicles with a total overall length of more
than 11 metres shall when on any road during the hours of darkness
or poor visibility conditions carry on each side of the longitudinal
axis of the trailer the following side marker lamps which shall be
attached to the trailer or the load, if any, carried thereby-

(a)one lamp in such a position that no part of its illuminated
area is more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres from the
foremost part of the front corner marker lamp required to
be carried by regulation 108;

(b)one lamp in such a position that no part of its illuminated
area is more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres from the
rearmost part of the trailer (inclusive of the load, if any,
carried); and





(c)such other lamps between the lamps mentioned in para-
graphs (a) and (b) in such positions as will ensure that the
distance between the nearest part of the illuminated area of
any one side marker lamp and the nearest part of the
illuminated area of the side marker lamp next thereto is not
more than 3 metres nor less than 2 metres.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a combination of vehicles
where any vehicle in that combination is broken down and is being
towed by another vehicle in consequence of the breakdown.

110. (1) Every front corner marker lamp and side marker lamp
shall be-

(a)capable of being properly lighted, and kept in a clean and
efficient condition;

(b)when lit, visible from a reasonable distance to a person
facing the lamp and in a position being on a line passing
through the lamp and at right angles to the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle by which it is being carried; and

(c)carried so that the highest part of the illuminated area of
any such lamp is not more than 1.5 metres from the
ground.

(2) Every front corner marker lamp and side marker lamp
which is illuminated by electricity shall be-

(a)subject to paragraph (3), connected to an electrical supply
forming an integral part of the electrical system of the
motor vehicle or trailer;

(b)fitted with a bulb or bulbs the rated wattage or the total
rated wattage of which shall not exceed 7 watts and the
rated wattage shall be indelibly marked upon the glass or
metal cap thereof in a readily legible manner; and

(c)fitted with frosted glass or other material which has the
effect of diffusing light.

(3) Nothing in paragraph (2)(a) shall apply in the case of a
front corner marker lamp or side marker lamp carried by a trailer
designed and constructed for the carriage of round timber, if the
electricity- illuminating that lamp is derived from a battery having a
voltage of at least 3 volts.

(4) Every front corner marker lamp shall, if circular, have an
illuminated area not less than 25 millimetres in diameter or, if not
circular, have an illuminated area not less than the area of a circle 25
millimetres in diameter.

(5) Every side marker lamp shall, if circular, have an illu-
minated area through which a white light is displayed and an
illuminated area through which a red light is displayed in each case
not less than 25 millimetres in diameter or, if not circular, have an





illuminated area through which a white light is displayed and an
illuminated area through which a red light is displayed in each case not
less than the area of a circle 25 millimetres in diameter.

111. (1) The Commissioner may at his discretion vary the
requirements of this Part so as to permit one or more lamps showing an
amber light to be carried on motor vehicles for purposes specifically
permitted by the Commissioner.

(2) Each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be so fixed to
the vehicle that the centre of the lamp is at a height not less than 1.5
metres from the ground and that it is on or as near as practicable to the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

(3) The shape and size of each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph
(1) shall be such that the area of the orthogonal projection on to any
vertical plane of that part of the lamp through which light is emitted
shall be capable of lying wholly within a rectangle having sides 225
millimetres in length.

(4) Where only one lamp is carried pursuant to paragraph (1) the
light shown by it shall be visible from a point on any part of a circle
drawn in a horizontal plane with the lamp at the centre, and where more
than one lamp is so carried the light shown by all such lamps together
shall be visible from a, point on any part of a circle drawn in a horizontal
plane and having as its centre a point on the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle.

(5) When observed from any point on a circle drawn as described
in paragraph (4), the light shown by any one lamp carried pursuant to
paragraph (1) shall be visible not less than 60 nor more than 150 equal
times per minute, and the intervals between each display of light
towards that point shall be constant.

(6) The light shown by each lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1)
shall be in the form of a concentrated beam or beams rotating in a
substantially horizontal plane.

(7) With respect to any lamp carried pursuant to paragraph (1), the
rated wattage of the electric bulb or the total rated wattage of all the
bulbs with which it is fitted shall not exceed 36 watts.

(8) No vehicle, other than a vehicle authorized under paragraph (1),
shall carry a lamp similar to a lamp which, when it is showing an amber
light, may be carried by a vehicle so authorized by virtue of this
regulation..

112. (1) The Commissioner may at his discretion permit one or more
lamps showing a steady or intermittent blue light to be carried on a
motor vehicle used as an ambulance.

(2) No vehicle other than an ambulance permitted to carry a lamp
under paragraph (1) shall carry a lamp similar to a lamp which, by virtue
of this regulation, when it is showing a blue light may be carried by an
ambulance.





113. (1) A breakdown vehicle may carry one or more lamps
showing a white light which comply with paragraph (2) for the
purposes of illuminating the scene of an accident or breakdown.

(2) Each lamp referred to in paragraph (1) shall be so con-
structed, fitted and maintained that no part of its illuminated area is
less than 1.5 metres from the ground.

114. (1) Subject to paragraph (2)-

(a)every motor vehicle shall be fitted with direction indicators
in accordance with the provisions of Part 1, Part 11 or Part
111 of the Ninth Schedule;

(b)every trailer shall be fitted with direction indicators in
accordance with the provisions of Part III or Part V of the
Ninth Schedule except that if it is towed by a motor vehicle
fitted with direction indicators in accordance with Part 111
of the said Schedule it shall be fitted with direction indica-
tors in accordance with that Part.

(2) This regulation shall not apply to-

(a)an industrial tractor, a land tractor or a pedestrian-
controlled vehicle;

(b) a motor cycle; and

(c) a trailer-
(i) which is towed by a motor vehicle not required to be
fitted with direction indicators in accordance with this
regulation;
(ii) the dimensions of which are such that when the lon-
gitudinal axis of the trailer lies in the same vertical plane as
the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle both rear or both
side direction indicators on that vehicle are visible to an
observer in that vertical plane, from a point 6 metres behind
the rear of the trailer whether it is loaded or not; or
(iii) which is a broken down motor vehicle or forms
part of a broken down articulated vehicle or which tows
another trailer behind it.

115. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor cycle and in-
valid carriage shall be fitted with one stop lamp, and every other
motor vehicle and trailer shall be fitted with 2 stop lamps.

(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall require any vehicle specified
in Part 1 of the Tenth Schedule to carry any stop lamp.

(3) Every stop lamp fitted to any motor vehicle or trailer
pursuant to paragraph (1) shall comply with the requirements set
out in Part 11 of the Tenth Schedule.

(4) No vehicle shall be fitted with stop lights, additional stop
lights or other lights connected so as to be illuminated upon
application of the brakes, that do not comply with this regulation.





116. Every direction indicator and every stop lamp fitted to a
motor vehicle or trailer shall at all times while the vehicle is used on a
road be maintained in a clean and efficient condition.

117. (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a motor vehicle may be fitted
with a hazard warning device so as to operate simultaneously-

(a)one or more direction indicators on both sides of the motor
vehicle; or
(b)'those indicators and one or more direction indicators on
both sides of any trailer being towed by the motor vehicle.

(2) A hazard warning device fitted in accordance with para-
graph (1) shall-

(a)include a warning light capable of indicating to the driver
of the motor vehicle when the device is being operated; and

(b)be capable of being actuated by a switch controlling only
that device.

(3) No device other than a hazard warning device complying
with this regulation shall be fitted to a motor vehicle for the purpose
of operating direction indicators in the manner referred to in
paragraph (1).


PART VIII

REAR MARKINGS

118. This Part applies to every-

(a)goods vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which
exceeds 5.5 tonnes; and
(b) trailer the unladen weight of which exceeds 1 tonne.

119. (1) Every-

(a)goods vehicle to which this Part applies, being a goods
vehicle the overall length of which does not exceed 13
metres; and
(b)trailer to which this Part applies, if it forms part of a
combination of 2 or more vehicles the total overall length
of which does not exceed 13 metres,

shall be fitted with a rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 1 or
2 in Part 1 of the Eleventh Schedule except that where any such
goods vehicle or trailer is so constructed at the rear that it is
impracticable for that marking to be fitted in accordance with Part
111 of the Eleventh Schedule, a rear marking of the type shown in
Diagram 3 in Part 1 of the Eleventh Schedule may be fitted instead.

(2) Every-
1





(a)goods vehicle to which this Part applies, being a goods vehicle
the overall length of which exceeds 13 metres; and

(b)trailer to which this Part applies, if it forms part of a
combination of 2 or more vehicles the total overall length of
which exceeds 13 metres,

shall be fitted with a rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 4 or 5 in
Part 1 of the Eleventh Schedule.

(3) A rear marking fitted to a vehicle in pursuance of this
regulation shall

(a)be of the size and colour shown in the diagram relating to the
marking set out in Part 1 of the Eleventh Schedule subject,
however, to the provisions of Part 11 of that Schedule; and

(b)be so fitted as to comply with such of the provisions set out
in Part 111 of that Schedule as relate thereto.

120. (1) This regulation applies to a vehicle which is for the time
being carrying a load which so projects to the rear of the vehicle that if
any rear marking were to be fitted in accordance with regulation 119, the
marking would be so obscured by the load as not to be clearly visible
within a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle.

(2) A vehicle to which this regulation applies need not be fitted
with a rear marking in accordance with regulation 119, if the marking
required or authorized by that regulation to be fitted to the vehicle is
instead fitted to the load it is carrying.

(3) In relation to a rear marking fitted to such a load in the course
of being carried the provisions of Part III of the Eleventh Schedule shall
apply to that marking, subject to the following modifications

(a)in paragraphs 1, 2, 5 and 6 of that Part for any reference to the
vehicle there shall be substituted a reference to the load; and

(b)in the said paragraph 6, for the words from 'except while' to
the end of that paragraph there shall be substituted the words
'except while the load is being mounted on or removed from
the vehicle.'.

PART IX

MISCELLANEOUS

121. (1) Subject to the provisions of these regulations, any person
who uses or causes or permits to be used on any road any

vehicle which does not comply in all respects with the provisions of
these regulations commits an offence and is liable to a fine of 10,000
and to imprisonment for 6 months.





(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with any
requirement under these regulations commits an offence and is liable to
a fine of $10,000 and to imprisonment for 6 months.

(3) Any person who uses or suffers or permits to be used to ply
for hire or for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward on any road,
any taxi on which

(a)the stamp or seal of the Commissioner on the taximeter has
been broken;

(b)the taximeter has not been stamped and sealed by the
Commissioner within the previous 6 months;

(c)the wheel of the taxi by which the taximeter is driven is, with
fully inflated tyre thereon, of a diameter different from that for
which the taximeter has been designed, geared and tested or
that marked on the taximeter;

(d)the taximeter was affixed thereon without the prior approval of
the Commissioner; or

(e) the taximeter does not comply in every way with the
provisions of these regulations,

commits an offence and is liable to a fine of $10,000 and to
imprisonment for 6 months.

(4) Any person who without lawful excuse defaces, damages or
alters any taximeter commits an offence and is liable to a fine of $10,000
and to imprisonment for 6 months.

122. (1) Every vehicle registered or licensed immediately before the
date on which regulations 12, 16, 17, 20, 26, 28, 29, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 115 and the Tenth Schedule come into operation shall
be exempt from complying with those regulations for a period of 5 years
after such date so long as it continues to comply with any
corresponding provision in the Road Traffic (Construction and Use)
Regulations (hereinafter in this regulation referred to as the 'revoked
regulations') revoked by regulation 123 of these regulations, which is
reproduced in Part I of the Twelfth Schedule as if those regulations had
continued in force for that period.

(2) Every goods vehicle registered and trailer licensed immediately
before the date on which Part VIII of these regulations comes into
operation shall be exempt from complying with that Part for a period of 5
years after such date.

(3) Every taximeter lawfully in use immediately before the date on
which regulations 41, 42, 43 and 44 come into operation shall be exempt
from complying with those regulations for a period of 5 years after such
date so long as it continues to comply with the corresponding
provision in the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Regulations
revoked by regulation 60 of the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicle)
Regulations 1983, which is reproduced in Part 11 of the Twelfth
Schedule, as if those regulations had continued in force for that period.





(4) Any permit given under regulation 11, 36(2), 92, 93, 94, 95 or
96(3) of the revoked regulations subsisting or in force immediately
before the date on which regulation 123 comes into operation, shall not
be invalidated by the revocation effected by regulation 123 but shall be
deemed to be an exemption granted under regulation 4 of these
regulations.

(5) The engine of every motor vehicle which immediately before the
date on which regulation 32(1) comes into operation complied with
regulation 27A(1) of the revoked regulations, shall be deemed to comply
with regulation 32(1) of these regulations.

(6) Without prejudice to any other provision of these regulations,
insofar as any exemption, permit, approval, specification or
determination granted, given or made under the revoked regulations
could have been granted, given or made under a corresponding
provision of these regulations, it shall not be invalidated by the
revocation effected by regulation 123 of these regulations but shall,
insofar as it is subsisting or in force at the coming into operation of
regulation 123, have effect as if granted, given or made under that
corresponding provision.

123. The Road Traffic (Construction and Use) Regulations and the
Road Traffic (Construction and Use) (Guy Arab Mark V Omnibuses
Exemption) Order are revoked.

FIRST SCHEDULE [-g. 6.1

OVERALL DIMENSIONS OF VEHICLES

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
OverallOverall Overall
Vehicle LengthWidth Height

Private Car 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres
Taxi 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres
Invalid.Carriage 6.3 metres 2.3 metres 2.0 metres
Light Bus 7.0 metres 2.3 metres 3.0 metres
Bus
Single-decked 12.0 metres 2.5 metres 3.5 metres
Double-decked 12.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Articulated 15.0 metres 2.5 metres 3.5 metres
Light Goods Vehicle 10.0 metres 2.5 metres 3.5 metres
Medium Goods Vehicle 11.0 metres2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Heavy Goods Vehicle
Rigid 11.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Articulated 16.0 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Special Purpose Vehicle 12.0 metres2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Tricycle 1.1 metres
Trailer 13.5 metres 2.5 metres 4.6 metres
Pedestrian-controlled Vehicle 4.3 metres 1.6 metres

SECOND SCHEDULE [reg. T]

For the purposes of this Schedule the distance between any two axles shall be
obtained by measuring the shortest distance between the line joining the centres of
the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of one axle and the line
joining the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of
the other relevant axle.





PART I

MAXIMUM WEIGHT OF
VEHICLES

(Subject to Parts 11, 111, IV, V and VI)

Column 1 Column 2
Permitted
Class of Vehicle Gross Vehicle Weight

Private Car 3.0 tonnes
Taxi 3.0 tonnes
Invalid Carriage 3.0 tonnes
Light Bus 4.0 tonnes
Bus 24 tonnes
Light Goods Vehicle 5.5 tonnes
Medium Goods Vehicle 24 tonnes
Heavy Goods Vehicle 38 tonnes
Motor Cycle 500 kilograms
Motor Tricycle 600 kilograms
Trailer 32 tones

PARTII

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS FOR RIGID
VEHICLES

Column 1 Column 2 Colunul 3
Permitted
Wheel Span Gross
Class qf'Rigid VehicleMeasurement Vehicle Weight
Metres Kilograms
2 axled vehicleLess than 2.65 14 tonnes
At least 2.65 16 tonnes
3 axled vehicleLess than 3.00 16 tonnes
At least 3.00 18 tonnes
At least 3.20 20 tonnes
At least 3.90 22 tonnes
At least 4.90 24 tonnes
4 axled vehicleLess than 3.70 18 tonnes
At least 3.70 20 tonnes
At least 4.60 22 tonnes
At least 4.70 24 tonnes
At least 5.60 26 tonnes
At least 5.90 28 tonnes
At least 6.30 30 tonnes

PART III

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS FOR ARTICULATED
VEHICLES

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Permitted
Wheel Span Gross
Class of Motor Vehicle Measurement Vehicle Weight
Metres Kilograms
2 axled motor vehicle Less than 2.4 14 tonnes
At least 2.4 16 tonnes
3 axled motor vehicle Less than 3.0 18 tonnes
At least 3.0 20 tonnes
At least 3.8 22 tonnes
At least 4.3 24 tonnes
1983 ed cap 374 a73




PART V

MAXIMUM WEIGHTS FOR 2 CLOSELY SPACED AXLES
OF VEHICLES

Column 1 Column 2
Distance between 2 closelyPermitted Total
spaced axles Axle Weight
Metres Kilograms
Less than 1.02 5.5 tonnes
At least 1.02
At least 1.05
At least 1.20
At least 1.50
At least 1.85

In this Part and regulation 7(5), '2 closely spaced axles' means axles that are
spaced at a distance apart of not more than 2.5 metres and not less than 1.02 metres.

PART VI
MAXIMUM WEIGHTS FOR 3 CLOSELY SPACED AXLES

OF VEHICLES

column 1 Column 2
Distance between outer axles Permitted
if 3 closely spaced axles Axle Weight
Metres
Less than 1.40 Kilograms
At least 1.40 .4 tonnes
At least 1.50 6 tonnes
At least 2.00 6.5 tonnes
At least 2.55 7 tonnes
At least 2.70 7.5 tonnes

In this Part and regulation 7(6), '3 closely spaced axles' means the outermost
axles that are spaced at a distance apart of 3.25 metres or less.

THIRD SCHEDULE [reg. 27.]

MAXIMUM PASSENGER SEATING CAPACITY

Passenger
Class of Vehicle seating capacity

Private Car 7
Taxi 5
Light Bus 14
Light Goods Vehicle 5
Medium Goods Vehicle 5
Heavy Goods Vehicle 5
Motor Cycle 1
Motor Cycle (with sidecar) 2
Motor Tricycle 1





FOURTH SCHEDULE [reg. 3 1.1

APPARATUS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE
OR VISIBLE VAPOUR EMISSIONS FROM MOTOR
VEHICLES

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Maximum permitted
smoke or visible
Maximum permitted vapour level in
smoke or visible absolute units of
Type ofapparatus vapour levellight absorption
(M-1)
Hartridge MK3 60 Hartridge 2.13
Smokemeter Smoke Units

FIFTH SCHEDULE [regs. 32 and 33.1

ENGINE STANDARDS

Standards for positive-ignition engines

Pari 1

(a)ECE Regulation 15 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated
11 March 1970 (being Uniform Provisions concerning the Approval of
Vehicles equipped with a Positive-Ignition Engine with regard to the
Emission of Gaseous Pollutants by the Engine) and annexed to the
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval
for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts and published by the United
Nations.

(b)Council Directive No. 70/220/EEC made by the Council of the European
Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from
positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles.

(c)Australian Design Rule No. 27 for Vehicle Engine Emission Control, as set
out in the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicle Safety issued by the
Department of Shipping and Transport of the Commonwealth of
Australia.

Part II

(a)ECE Regulation No. 15 made by the Economic Commission for Europe
dated 11 March 1970 (being Uniform Provisions concerning the Approval
of Vehicles equipped with a Positive-Ignition Engine with regard to the
Emission of Gaseous Pollutants by the Engine) and annexed to the
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval
for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts and published by the United
Nations as amended by the 01 series of amendments dated 5.2.74 and
11.12.74.

(b)Council Directive No. 74/290/EEC made by the Council of the European
Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from
positive-ignition tion engines of motor vehicles.

(c)Australian Design Rule No. 27A for Vehicle Engine Emission Control, as
set out in the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicle Safety issued by
the Department of Shipping and Transport of the Commonwealth of
Australia.

Standards for compression-ignition engines







Part III

(a)British Standard BS AU 141a 1971 specifying the performance of diesel
engines for road vehicles published by the British Standards Institute.





(b)EEC Directive No. 72/306/EEC of 2nd August 1972 made by the Council
for the European Communities on the approximation of the laws of the
Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission
of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles.

(e)Regulation No. 24 made by the Economic Commission for Europe dated
20th March 1958 (being Uniform Provisions concerning the Approval of
Vehicles equipped with Diesel Engines with regard to the Emission of
Pollutants by the Engine) and annexed to the Agreement concerning the
Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal
Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts and
published by the United Nations.

(d)Australian Design Rule No. 30 for Diesel Engine Exhaust Smoke
Emissions, as set out in the Australian Design Rules for Motor Vehicle
Safety issued by the Department of Shipping and Transport of the
Commonwealth _of Australia.

(e)United States Regulations on the Control of Air Pollution from New
Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines, administered by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency.

SIXTH SCHEDULE [reg. 46.1

PLATES ON TAXIS

PART I

NUMBER TO BE ALTERED TO
COMPLY WITH SEATING
CAPACITY OF VEHICLE

300mm

WHITE BORDER

150mm WHITE LETTERS
AND FIGURE

KEY
0 GREEN 1

PART II

PROVISIONS RELATING TO PLATES

1.The plate referred to in regulation 46 shall be indelibly coloured white on a
green surface.

2.No letter or figure shall be capable of being detached from such surface,
provided that it shall not be an infringement of these regulations if the letters
or figures are made separately and either welded or firmly rivetted on to such
surface. If the letters and figures are exhibited on a flat plate, the plate may be
constructed of cast or pressed metal having raised letters.





3.Subject to the provisions of regulation 46 every such plate shall be affixed to
the vehicle to the satisfaction of the Commissioner.

4.All letters on any such plate must be 25 millimetres high, every part of every
letter must be 5 millimetres broad and the total width of the space taken by every
letter, except in the case of the letter 1, must be 25 millimetres.
5.The figures shown upon the plate shall be the seating capacity as shown in the
registration document in respect of the vehicle, and every such figure shall be 56
millimetres high and 38 millimetres broad.
6.Every such plate shall be exhibited on the front and on the back of the vehicle
so that every letter and figure thereon is easily distinguishable, in the case of a
plate placed on the front of the vehicle, from in front of the vehicle, and in the
case of a plate placed on the back of the vehicle, from behind the vehicle.
7.No other figures or letters and no design, advertisement or ornamentation shall
be placed near any such plate in such a manner as to be likely to render it more
difficult to read or distinguish the words or figure thereon when the vehicle is in
motion.





SEVENTH SCHEDULE [reg. 103.1

REQUIREMENTS AS TO THE NUMBER AND POSITION
ON VEHICLES OF OBLIGATORY REAR LAMPS

2 3 4 5 6 7
Maximum height Minimum height
from ground of from ground of Varying or
Descrirtion NumberLateral positionLongitudinal highest part of lowest part of additional
0 of rearof rear lamp position ofilluminatedilluminated provisions
vehicle lamps rear lamparea or area of
rear lamp rear lamp

1. Bicycles, tricycles and invalid 1 On centre line or ofr side Not more than 500 milli- 1.1 metres 380
m;llimetres In relation to a cycle having no wheel
carriages of cycle metres from extreme of which the outside diameter (includ-
rear of cycle ing any tyre when fully inflated)
exceeds 450 millimetres, column 6
shall have eflect as though '300 mil-
limetres- were substituted for '380
millimetres-
2. Motor cycles, without sigecar 1 On centre line or ofF side Not more than 500 milli- 1.1 metres 380
millimetres
attac~ of vehicle metres from extreme
p rear of vehicle
3. Motor cycles, with sidecar 2 One lamp on centre line Lamp on motor cycle not 1.1 metres 380
millimetres
attached and motor tricycles or ofr side of motor cycle; more than 500 millimetres
and one lamp on centre from extreme rear of
line or near side of side- motor cycle; lamp on side-
car, no part of the side. car not more than 760
car or its equipment to millimetres from extreme
extend laterally on the rear of sidecar
near side more than 4M
millimetres beyond the
nearest part ofthe
illuminated area of
the lamp
4. Buses 2 One lamp on each side ofNot more than 760 milli- 2.4 metres 380 millimetres
longitudinal axis: no part metres from extreme
ofthe illuminated area of rear or vehicle
one lamp to be less than
530 millimetres from any
part ofthe illuminated
area of the other lamp.
and no part ofthe vehicle
or equipment to extend





laterally on the same side
as the lamp more than
600 millimetres from the
nearest part ofthe
illuminated area ofthe
lamp
5. Heavy goods vehicles, special 2 One lamp on each side of Not more than 1 ~ 1 metre, 1. 1 metres
380 millimetres 1 . Height from ground of highest
purpose vehicles or goods- longitudinal axis: no partfrom extreme rear of part of illuminated area
of each
carrying trailers other than ofthe illuminated area ofehicle lamp to be the same
engineering plant one lamp to be less than 2. In relation to a vehicle fitted with
530 millimetres from any
part ofthe illuminated a movable platform, in determin-
area ofthe other lamp, ing the position ofthe rear lain
and no part ofthe vehicle no account shall be taken of tC,
or its equipment to special equipment ofthe vehicle
extend laterally on the 3.In relation to a vehicle being a
same side as the lamp mobile crane with a jib projecting
more than 760 milli- to the rear of the vehicle, if an
metres from the nearest additional lamp showing to the
part ofthe illuminated rear a red light visible from a
area ofthe lamp reasonable distance is carried not
m 0 re than 300 millimetres from
the rearmost point ofthe jib, col-
umn 4 shall have effect as though
the jib were not part ofthe vehicle
4.In relation to a vehicle designed
and constructed for carriage of
rou rid timber, if an additional
lamp showing to the rear a red
light visible from a reasonable dis-
tance is carried not more than 300
millimetres from the rearmost
point of the vehicle, column 4
shall ha,e effect as though '2.7
metres' were substituted for '1.1
metres-
5.In relation to a goods vehicle or a
goods-carrying trailer specially
designed and constructed for the
primary purpose of moving excav-
ated material and fitted with a
tipping body, moving platform or
other similar device for discharg-
ing its load. column 5 shall have
effect as though---1.4 metres' were
substituted for '1.1 metres-





2 3 4 5 6 7
Maximum height Minimum height
Descririon Number Lateral position Longitudinal from ground of from ground of Varying or
0 highest part of lowest part of additional
ofrear of rear lamp position of illuminated illuminated provisions
vehicle lamps rear lamp area of area of
rear lamp rear lamp

6. Trailers other than goods- 2 One lamp on each side ofNot more than 1. 1 metres 1.5 metres None Height from
ground ofhighest part of
carrying trailers longitudinal axis: no part from extreme rear of illuminated area of each lamp to be
ofthe illuminated area of vehicle the same
one lamp to he less than
530 millimetres from any
part ofthe illuminated
area ofthe other lamp
and no part ofthe vehicle
or its equipment to
extend laterally on the
same side as the lamp
more than 760 milli-
metres from the nearest
part ofthe illuminated
area of the lamp

7. Private cars, taxis, light buses, 2 One lamp on each side of Not more than 760 milli- 1. 1 metres 380
millimetres 1 Height from ground of highest
goods vehicles other than longitudinal axis: no partmetres from extreme rear part of illuminated
area of each
heavy goods vehicles, and any ofthe vehicle or itsof vehicle lamp to be the same
other motor vehicles not equipment to extend
included in any ofthe forego- laterally on the same side 2. In relation to a vehicle fitted
with
ing provisions of this Schedule as the lamp more than a movable platform, in determin-
(other than engineering plant 400 millimetres from the ing the position of the rear lamps
and agricultural implements) nearest part ofthe no account shall be taken of the
illuminated area of the special equipment of the vehicle
lamp

8. Engineering plant and agricul- 2 One lamp on each side of Not more than 1.4 metres 1.9 metres None If an
additional lamp showing to the
tural implements, not being 1 itudinal axis; no part from extreme rear of rear a red light
visible from a reasona-
horse-drawn vehicles or pedes- = vehicle or its vehicle ble distance is carried not more than
trian controlled vehicles equipment to extend 300 millimetres from the rearmost
laterally on the same side point of the vehicle and at a height of
as the lamp more than not more than 1.9 metres from the
400 millimetres from the ground, column 4 shall have effect as
nearest part ofthe though '2.7 metres' were substituted
illuminated area ofthe for '1.4 metres-
lamp





EIGHTH SCHEDULE [reg. 106.1

REQUIREMENTS AS TO THE NUMBER AND POSITION
ON VEHICLES OF OBLIGATORY REFLECTORS
2 3 4 5 6 7
Maximum height Minimum height
Description Number from ground of from ground of Varying or
Lateral position Longitudinal highest part ot lowest part of adtfitional
of ofof reflector position ofreflectingreflecting provisions
vehicle reflectors reflector a ea ofarea of
reflector reflector
1. Cycles, tricycles and invalid 1 On centre line or ofr side Not more than 500 milli- 1.1 metres 380
millimetres In relation to a cycle having no wheel
carriages of cycle metres from the extreme of which the outside diameter (includ-
rear of the cycle ing any tyre 'hen fully inflated)
exceeds 450 millimetres column 6
shall have effect as though '300
millimetres--- were substituted for
---380 millimetres---
2. Motor cycles without sidecar 1 On centre line or off side Not more than 500 milli- L I metres 380
millimetres
attached of vehicle metres from extreme
rear of vehicle

3. Motorcycles, with sidecar 2 One reflector on centreReflector on motor cycle 1. 1 met 1 c, 380 millimetres Height
frorn ground of highest part of
attached and motor tricycles line or off side of motor not more than 500 milli. reflecting area of
each reflector to be
cycle; and one reflector metres from extreme the same
on centre line or near rear ofnnotor cyck
side of sidecar, no part of reflector on sidecar net
the sidecar or its equip- more than 760 milli-
ment to extend laterally metres from extreme rear
on the near side more of sidecar
than 400 millimetres
beyond the nearest part
of the reflecting area of
the reflector

4. Buses 2 One reflector on each Not more than 760 inilli-2.4 metres 380 millimetres Height from ground of highest
part of
side of longitudinal axis: metres from extreme reflecting area of each reflector to be
no part or the reflecting rear ot'i,chicle the same
area of one reflector to be
less than 530 millimetres
from any part of the
reflecting area of the
other reflector, and no





2 3 4 5 6 7
Maximum height Minimum height
Description Number Lateral position Longitudinal from ground or from ground of Varying or
f or position of highest part of lowest part of additional
vehicle reflectors of reflector reflector reflecting reflecting provisions
area of area of
reflector reflector
part of the vehicle or
its equipment to extend
laterally on the same side
as the reflector more than
600 millimetres from the
nearest part of the reflect-
ing area of the reflector
5. Heavy goods vehicles, special 2 One reflector on eachNot more than 760 milli- 1.4 metres 380 millimetres
1. Height from ground of highest
purpose vehicles or goods- side of longitudinal axis; metres from extreme part of reflecting area of each
carrying trailers, other than no part of the reflecting rear of vehicle reflector to be the
same
engineering plant area of one reflector to be2. In relation to a vehicle fitted with a
less than 530 millimetresmovable platform, in determining
from any part ofthe th position of the obligatory re
reflecting area of thefleectors no account shall be taken of
other reflector. and nothe special equipment ofthe vehicle
par~ or the vehicle or its
equipment to extend3. In relation to a vehicle being a
laterally on the same sidemobile crane with a jib projecting
as the reflector more thanto the rear of the vehicle, if an
400 millimetres from theadditional lamp showing to the
nearest part of the rear a red light visible from a
reflecting area ofthereasonable distance is carried not
reflector more than 300 millimetres from
the rearmost point of the jib, col
umn 4 shall have effect as though
the jib were not part ofthe vehicle
4. In relation to a vehicle designed and
constructed for carriage of round
timber. if an additional lamp show
ing to the rear a red light visible
from a reasonable distance is
carried not more than 300 rnilfi
metres from the rearmost point of
the vehicle, column 3 shall have
efrect as though '760 millimetres'
were substituted for '400 milli
metres- and column 4 shall have
effect as though '2.7 metres' were
substituted for---760 millimetres'





6. Trailers other than goods- 2 One reflector on each Not more than 760 milli- 1.5 metres None Height from
ground ofinghest part of
carrying trailers side of longitudinal axis; metres from extreme rear reflecting area of
each reflector to be
no part of the reflecting of vehicle the same
area of one reflector to be
less than 530 millimetres
rrom any part of the
reflecting area ofthe other
reflector, and no part
ofthe vehicle or its
equipment to extend
laterally on the same side
as the reflector more than
400 millimetres from the
nearest part ofthe
reflecting area of
the reflector

7. Private cars, taxis, light buses, 2 One reflector on eachNot more than 760 milli- 1.1 metres 380 millimetres
1Height from ground of highest
goods vehicles other than side of longitudinal axis: metres from extreme rear part of reflecting area of each
heavy goods vehicles. and any no part ofthe reflecting of vehicle reflector to be the same
other motor vehicles not area ofone reflector to be 1
included in the foregoing pro- less than 530 millimetres In relation to a vehicle fitted
with
visions ofthis Schedule (other from any part ofthe a movable platform. in determin-
than engineering plant and reflecting area of the ing the position of the obligatory
agricultural implements) other reflector, and no renectors no account shall be
part of the vehicle or its taken of the special equipment of
equipment to extend the vehicle
laterally on the same side
as the reflector more than
400 millimetres from the
nearest part of the reflect-
ing area of the reflector

8. Engineering plant and agricul- 2 One reflector on each Not more than 1.4 metres 1.5 metres None If an
additional lamp showing to the
tural implements, not being side of longitudinal axis; from extreme rear of rear a red light visible
from a reasona-
horse-drawn vehicles or pedes- no part ofthe reflecting vehicle ble distance is carried not more than
trian controlled vehicles area ofone reflector to be 300 millimetres from the rearmost
less than 530 millimetres point ofthe ~chicle and at a height of
from any part ofthe not more than 1.5 metres from the
reflecting area ofthe ground. column 4 shall have etTect as
other reflector. and no though---2.7 metres--- were substituted
part ofthe vehicle or its for---L4 metres---
equipment to extend
laterally on the same side
as the reflector more than
400 millimetres from the
nearest part ofthe reflect-
ing area of the reflector





NINTH SCHEDULE [reg. 114.1

DIRECTION INDICATORS

PART 1

1. Every direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in accordance with this Part shall
be, when in operation, in the form of an illuminated sign of a minimum illuminated
length of 150 millimetres and a maximum illuminated breadth not exceeding
one-fourth of the illuminated length, and shall show either a steady or a flashing light.
2. Save as provided in paragraph 3 as respects additional indicators, every
direction indicator shall be so designed and fitted that-
(a) it is not more than 1.8 metres behind the base of the windscreen; and
(b) when in operation-
(i) it temporarily alters the outline of the vehicle to the extent of at least
150 millimetres measured horizontally;
(ii) the outermost point of the direction indicator is at least 150 milli-
metres further from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle than is the outermost
point of the driver's cab, or of the side of the body immediately behind the
driver's seat;
(iii) the illuminated surface is visible at a reasonable distance both from
the front and the rear of the vehicle; and
(iv) it remains steady:
Provided that sub-paragraph (a) shall not apply in the case of a pillarless saloon
car if the direction indicator is not situated behind the widest part of the body. For the
purposes of this proviso a pillarless saloon car means a car which has an enclosed
body, and four doors and no vertical pillar between the doors on either side.
3. (1) An additional indicator may be fitted at the rear of any vehicle on any
side to which there is fitted any indicator not being an additional indicator. Such
additional indicator shall either-
(a)be in the form specified in paragraph 1 and shall, except when a trailer is
being towed, be visible at a reasonable distance from any point to the rear of
the vehicle; or
(b)comply with the requirements of paragraph 3(1) of Part II as respects
indicators showing a flashing light to the rear.
(2) An additional indicator may be fitted on the front of any vehicle on any side
to which there is fitted an indicator not being an additional indicator. Such additional
indicator shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs 3(1), 4 and 5 of Part 11 as
respects indicators showing a flashing light to the front.
4. Any direction indicator intended to indicate a right hand turn shall be fitted
only to the right ofthe longitudinal axis ofthe vehicle and one intended to indicate a
left hand turn shall be fitted only to the left of that axis.
5. Every direction indicator shall be at a height of not more than 2.25 metres
nor less than 430 millimetres above the level ofthe ground.
6. (1) The illuminated colour of every direction indicator shall-
(a) if it shows both to the front and to the rear. be amber;
(b) if it shows only to the front, be amber or white; and
(c) if it shows only to the rear, be amber or red.
(2) The light emitted by every direction indicator shall be diffused by frosted
glass or other adequate means.
7. Every direction indicator showing a flashing light shall when in operation
show a light which flashes constantly at the rate of not less than 60 nor more than 120
flashes per minute, each flash being of such duration as to permit the light to achieve
its full brightness and to be fully observable to the eye at a reasonable distance. The
light shall begin to flash not later than one second after the operating switch of the
indicator is operated and between each flash there shall be an interval observable to
the eye.





8. The following requirements shall be complied with as respects the direction
indicators on a vehicle-

(a)not less than one indicator on each side to which indicators are fitted shall be
so designed and fitted that the driver when in his seat can readily be aware
when it is in operation; or

(b)the vehicle shall be equipped with a device or devices so designed and fitted
that, when the switch actuating the indicator or indicators on one side of the
vehicle is operated, the device or devices shall-
(i) if and so long as every indicator not being an additional indicator
fitted on that side of the vehicle is in operation, together with the indicator
on that side of the trailer (if a trailer is towed), give a warning readily visible
or audible to the driver when in his seat:
(ii) in any other case give no warning or warning different from that
given if the conditions of sub-sub-paragraph (i) of this sub-paragraph are
satisfied.

9. Every direction indicator shall be so fitted that when not in operation it will
not be likely to mislead the driver of any other vehicle or any person controlling
traffic.

10. Any reference in this Schedule to the side of a vehicle shall be taken to
include that part of the front or the back of the vehicle which is on that side of the
vehicle.

PART II

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3. every direction indicator fitted to a
vehicle in accordance with this Part shall be in the form of a lamp which. when in
operation, shows a flashing light visible at a reasonable distance from both the front
and the rear of the vehicle.

2. Every such indicator shall be so designed and fitted that-

(a) it is not more than 1.8 metres behind the base of the windscreen;

(b)both the minimum illuminated area showing to the front and the minimum
illuminated area showing to the rear shall-
(i) in the case of a vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which
does not exceed 5.5 tonnes, or of a vehicle constructed or adapted solely for
the carriage of not more than 7 passengers and their effects, be not less than
25 square centimetres in extent:
Provided in either case that the vehicle is not being used, except in a
case of emergency, to tow a trailer other than one with less than 4 wheels or
a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side;
(ii) in any other case be not less than 80 square centimetres in extent.

3. (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (2), in lieu of a direction
indicator in respect of which the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 are complied with,
2 indicators may be fitted to any side of a vehicle and shall be so designed and fitted
that-

(a)when in operation one of the indicators on one side shall show a flashing
light visible from a reasonable distance to the front of the vehicle and the
other indicator on that side shall, except when a trailer is being towed, show
a flashing light visible from a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle;

(b)every such indicator shall be so placed that the centre of its illuminated area
is not more than 400 millimetres nearer to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
than is the outermost part of the vehicle which is comprised in the overall
width of the vehicle on the side on which the indicator is placed; and

(e)the minimum illuminated area showing to the front or rear as the case may
be shall be that prescribed in paragraph 2.







(2) Whilst a vehicle is towing a trailer the preceding provisions of this
paragraph shall have effect subject to the following modifications-





(a)there shall be carried on either side of the trailer an indicator so designed
and fitted that when in operation it complies with the provisions of Part 111
or Part V; and
(b)it shall not be necessary for an indicator showing a flashing light to the rear
to be carried on either side of the vehicle.
This sub-paragraph shall not apply when the trailer is of a weight unladen not
exceeding 100 kilograms, or is a broken down motor vehicle being towed in
consequence of the breakdown. .
4. (1) Save as provided in sub-paragraph (2), a direction indicator fitted in
compliance with this Part and showing a flashing light to the front shall not be
combined with nor obscure any lamp showing to the front a white light being a lamp
required to be carried by or under any enactment.
(2) In the case of a vehicle on either side of which two direction indicators are
fitted in accordance with paragraph 3 an indicator showing a flashing light to the
front may be combined with an electric lamp showing a white light to the front being
a lamp required to be carried by or under any enactment provided that-
(a) the power of the lamp does not exceed 7 watts; and
(b)the indicator is fitted with a separate electric circuit and either a separate
electric bulb or a separate electric filament.
5. The total power of the bulb or bulbs illuminating any indicator carried in
compliance with this Part shall be not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts.
6. Where a vehicle is equipped on any side with direction indicators in respect
of which the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 are complied with, an additional
indicator may be carried on the side at the rear of the vehicle provided that any such
indicator complies with the provisions of paragraph 3 of Part 1.
7. Every direction indicator shall be at a height of not more than 2.25 metres
nor less than 430 millimetres above the level of the ground:
Provided that a direction indicator fitted to any, side of a bus in accordance with
the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 may be fitted at a height of not more than 2.6
metres above the level of the ground if on the same side of the vehicle and at a height
of not more than 1.9 metres above the level of the ground there is also fitted an
additional direction indicator which complies with the provisions of paragraph 6.
8. The provisions of paragraphs 4, 6, 7. 8, 9 and 10 of Part 1 shall apply as
respects direction indicators fitted in compliance with this Part as they apply as
respects direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part.

PART III

1. 1) In this Part and in the diagrams set out in Part IV-
'inboard angle', in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, within which
light from the indicator is visible, measured horizontally inwards from a line
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of
the illuminated area of the indicator;
'outboard angle', in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, within which
light from the indicator is visible, measured horizontally outwards from a line
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the centre of
the illuminated area of the indicator;
'blind angle', in relation to a direction indicator, means an angle, throughout which
no light from the indicator need be visible, measured horizontally outwards from
a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and passing through the
centre of the illuminated area of the indicator.
(2) In this Part the expressions -front indicator', 'shoulder indicator',
indicator', -flank indicator' and ---rearindicator' mean respectively a direction
indicator to which diagram 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 set out in Part IV applies and which being of
a kind mentioned in column 1 of the following Table is when fitted to a vehicle in the
position indicated in column 3 of that Table in compliance with the provisions of this
Part capable of being seen by an observer on the road standing in the position or, in
turn, in each position in relation to that vehicle indicated in column 2 of that Table
with an angle of visibility as indicated in column 4 of that Table-





TABLE

2 3 4
Kind of Observer's Position on Angle of visibility required in rela-
Direction Position in Vehicle tion to an axis parallel to the long-
Indicator relation to the itudinal axis of the vehicle and
Vehicle passing through the centre of the
direction indicator lamp.

Front In Front At Front An outboard angle of visibility o
80 degrees to the front.
An inboard angle of visibility of 45
degrees to the front.
Shoulder In Front and On side An outboard angle to the rear of 60
Alongside degrees of visibility, of which the
inboard 10 degrees from the axis
may be blind angle (no light).
An outboard angle of visibility to
the front of 45 degrees.
An inboard angle of visibility to the
front of 10 degrees.

Side In Front, Along- SideAn outboard angle of visibility to
side and in Rear the front of 45 degrees and an
inboard angle of visibility to the
front of 5 degrees.
An outboard angle of visibility to
the rear of 60 degrees and an
inboard angle of visibility to the
rear of 5 degrees.

Flank Alongside Side An outboard angle ok visibility to
the rear of 60 degrees of which the
inboard of 10 degrees from the axis
may be blind (no light).
Rear In Rear Rear An outboard angle of visibility of
80 degrees to the rear and an
inboard angle of visibility to the
rear of 45 degrees.
Note: An illuminated area of at least 2 square centimetres must be visible
throughout the angles of visibility, within a reasonable distance. for at least
15 degrees above and 15 degrees below the horizontal.
2. Every direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part
shall be in the form of a lamp which, when in operation, shows a flashing amber light.
3. (1) On each side of a motor vehicle there shall be fitted either-
(a) a single rear indicator and a single front indicator;
(b) a single rear indicator and at least one shoulder indicator; or
(c) at least one side indicator.
(2) A motor vehicle to which front indicators have been fitted in accordance
with sub-paragraph (1) shall in addition have fitted on each side ofthe vehicle at least
one flank indicator, if the distance between the nearest part ofthe illuminated area of
the front indicator and the nearest part ofthe illuminated area ofthe rear indicator on
either side ofthe vehicle exceeds 6 metres or if the motor vehicle is the towing vehicle
forming part of an articulated vehicle.
(3) Where one or more flank indicators are fitted on each side ofa motor vehicle
in accordance with sub-paragraph (2) at least one shall be so fitted on that side that
the distance between the foremost part of the motor vehicle which is comprised in the
overall length of the vehicle and the rearmost part of the illuminated area of that
indicator is not more than one third of the overall length of the motor vehicle or,
where the motor vehicle is the towing vehicle forming part of an articulated vehicle,
not more than one third ofthe overall length ofthe articulated vehicle.





(4) Where in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this paragraph more
than one kind of direction indicator is required to be fitted on a side of a motor
vehicle, it shall be a sufficient compliance with those provisions if the vehicle is fitted
on that side with either one direction indicator which satisfies or with two or more
direction indicators which together satisfy the requirements of paragraph 8 in relation
to each kind of direction indicator with which that vehicle would otherwise be
required to be fitted on that side.
4. In the case of a combination of a motor vehicle towing a trailer and in the
case of an articulated vehicle, where that motor vehicle or the motor vehicle forming
part of the articulated vehicle is fitted with direction indicators in compliance with
this Part, the trailer shall be fitted on each side with a single rear indicator in
compliance with this Part.
5. No motor vehicle towing a trailer, being a trailer to which is fitted on each
side a rear indicator in compliance with this Part of this Schedule, need be fitted with
any rear indicator under (a) or (b) of paragraph 3(1) if the motor vehicle forms part of
an articulated vehicle.

6. (1) One or more additional indicators may be fitted on the side (excluding
the front or rear) of any motor vehicle or trailer to which direction indicators have
been fitted in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Part.

(2) The requirements of paragraph 13 as to the minimum total rated wattage of
the bulb or bulbs illuminating any indicator shall not apply to an additional indicator.
7. Every direction indicator other than a flank indicator or an additional
indicator shall be so designed and fitted to a vehicle that the minimum illuminated
area showing to the front and the minimum illuminated area showing to the rear in
accordance with the diagram relating to that indicator shall be-
(a) not less than 25 square centimetres in extent in the case of either a motor
vehicle the permitted gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 5.5
-14passengers,
tonnes or a passenger vehicle adapted to carry not more than lu
if in either case the vehicle is not being used, except in a case of emergency,
to tow a trailer other than one with less than 4 wheels or a four-wheeled
trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side;
(b)not less than 25 square centimetres in extent in the case of a trailer which has
less than 4 wheels or is a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels
on each side; and
(c) not less than 80 square centimetres in extent in any other case.
8. Every direction indicator of a kind to which a diagram in Part IV applies
and which is fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part shall have an illuminated
area of at least 2 square centimetres visible within a reasonable distance at any point
between not less than 15 degrees above and not less than 15 degrees below the
horizontal throughout at least each inboard angle and at least each outboard angle
(excluding any blind angle not exceeding 10 degrees) shown in the diagram relating to
that kind of indicator:
Provided that in the case of any indicator fitted to a motor vehicle towing one or
more trailers the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall be treated as being
satisfied if the said illuminated area of the indicator would have been visible as
aforesaid but for the presence of the trailer or trailers.
9. Every direction indicator shall be so placed that the outermost part of its
illuminated area further from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is not more than 400
millimetres nearer to that longitudinal axis than is the outermost part of the vehicle
which is comprised in the overall width of the vehicle on the side on which the
indicator is placed, except that in the case of a public service vehicle having combined
rear and side entrances a nearside rear indicator may be so placed that the outermost
part of its illuminated area furthest from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is not
more than 760 millimetres nearer to that longitudinal axis than is the said outermost
part of the vehicle.
10. No part ofthe illuminated area of any direction indicator fitted to either side
of a vehicle shall be less than 300 millimetres from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
11. (1) No part of the illuminated area of any direction indicator shall be at a
height of more than 2.3 metres above the level of the ground; except that in the case of
a public service vehicle to which are fitted rear indicators in accordance with the





provisions of paragraph 3, if no part of the illuminated area of each of the rear
indicators is at a height of more than 2 metres above the level of the ground. then any
shoulder indicator or flank indicator may be fitted to that vehicle so that no part of its
illuminated area is at a height exceeding 2.6 metres above the level of the ground.
(2) No part of the illuminated area of a front indicator or a rear indicator shall
be below a height of 380 millimetres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is
unladen and no part of the illuminated area of any other indicator shall be below a
height of 500 millimetres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is unladen.
12. A direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this Part shall be
optically separated from any other lamp carried by the vehicle.
13. Except as provided in paragraph 6(2), the total rated wattage of the bulb or
bulbs illuminating any direction indicator fitted to a vehicle in compliance with this
Part shall be not less than 15 watts nor more than 36 watts and the rated wattage of
each bulb shall be indelibly marked upon the glass or the metal cap thereof in a
readily legible manner.
14. Any direction indicator intended to indicate a right hand turn shall be fitted
only to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and one intended to indicate a
left hand turn shall be fitted only to the left of that axis.
15. Where more than one direction indicator is fitted on the same side of a
motor vehicle. an articulated vehicle or a combination of vehicles comprising a motor
vehicle and one or more trailers they shall be so designed and fitted that the light
emitted by such indicators flashes at the same time.
16. The provisions of paragraphs 7. 8, 9 and 10 of Part 1 shall apply to direction
indicators fitted in compliance with this Part of this Schedule as they apply to
direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part.

PART IV

DIAGRAMS APPLICABLE TO DIRECTION INDICATORS MENTIONED IN PART III.
PARAGRAPH 1

(Note.. Positional requirements are set out in paragraphs 9, 10 and 11)





PART V

1. Every direction indicator fitted to a trailer shall comply with the provisions
of this Part:

Provided that nothing in this Part shall apply to a broken down vehicle being
towed in consequence of the breakdown.

2. Every direction indicator shall either-

(a)when in operation be in the form of an illuminated sign of a minimum
illuminated length of 150 millimetres and a maximum illuminated breadth
not exceeding one-fourth of the illuminated length, and shall show either a
steady or a flashing light; or

(b) be such that-
(i) when in operation it shall show a flashing light;
(ii) the total power of the bulb or bulbs illuminating the indicator shall
be not less than 15 watts and not more than 36 watts;
(iii) the minimum illuminated area shall be not less than 2 250 square
millimetres in extent if the trailer to which it is fitted has less than 4 wheels or
is a four-wheeled trailer having 2 close-coupled wheels on each side and not
less than 7 740 square millimetres in extent in any other case; and
(iv) the centre of the illuminated area shall be not more than 400
millimetres nearer to the longitudinal axis of the trailer than is the
outermost part of the trailer on the same side.

3. Every direction indicator shall, when in operation, be visible at a reasonable
distance from any point to the rear of the trailer.

4. The provisions of paragraphs 4. 5. 6, 7, 9 and 10 of Part 1 shall apply to
direction indicators fitted in compliance with this Part in the same manner as they
apply to direction indicators fitted in compliance with that Part.

TENTH SCHEDULE [regs. 115 and 122.1

STOP LAMPS

PART 1

Vehicles not required to befittedwith stop lamps

1 . Any land implement, land tractor and pedestrian controlled vehicle.

2. Any motor vehicle-.

(a)which it is at all times unlawful to drive at a speed exceeding 25 kilometres
per hour; or

(b)which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 25
kilometres per hour on the level under its own power.

3. Any trailer towed by a motor vehicle fitted with 2 stop lamps, the
dimensions of the trailer being such that when the longitudinal axis of the trailer lies
in the same vertical plane as the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle both such stop
lamps are visible to an observer in that vertical plane from a point 6 metres behind the
rear of the trailer whether it is loaded or not.

4. Any trailer which is a broken down motor vehicle or which forms part of a
broken down articulated vehicle.
5. In the case of a combination of two or more vehicles, being a motor vehicle
towing a trailer, the vehicles in that combination other than the rearmost.





PART 11

Requirements to be complied with bY stop lampsfitted to motor vehicles and trailers

1 . Every stop lamp fitted to a vehicle or trailer shall be fitted at the rear of the
vehicle and not to the left of the centre thereof and when in operation shall show a red
light:
Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the fitting of a duplicate
stop lamp on the left or near side of the vehicle which (except when the stop lamp
fitted on the right or ofr side of the vehicle is showing a flashing light as a direction
indicator) comes into operation at the same time as the stop lamp f~tted at the centre
or on the right or ofT side of the vehicle.
2. Every light shown by a stop lamp shall be diffused by means of frosted glass
or other adequate means and shall be a steady light.
3. Every stop lamp shall show a steady red light, when the braking system which
operates the lamp is applied, visible to the rear of the vehicle at any point between at least
15 degrees above and 15 degrees below the horizontal throughout an angle of at least 45
degrees in the horizontal plane on each side of a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle and passing through the centre of the illuminated area of the lamp.
4. The total rating of the filament illuminated in a stop lamp shall not be less
than 15 watts nor more than 36 watts and the rated wattage of that filament shall be
indelibly marked upon the glass or the metal cap of the filament lamp in a readily
legible manner.
5. No part of the illuminated area of a stop lamp shall be less than 400
millimetres or more than 1 500 millimetres above the level of the ground except that
the said measurement of 1 500 millimetres may be increased to 2 100 millimetres. if it
is not practicable by reason of the structure of the vehicle at its rear for the said
measurement of 1 500 millimetres to be complied with.
6. Every stop lamp fitted to a motor vehicle shall be operated by the
application of a braking system designed to be used to bring the motor vehicle ~~ hen
in motion to a halt and when fitted to a trailer towed by a motor vehicle shall be
operated by the application of such a system.
7. Where one stop lamp is fitted to a vehicle it shall be fitted at the rear ofthe
vehicle and on or to the ofr side of the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle (disregarding, for the purpose of ascertaining such axis. any sidecar
attached to a motor cycle).
8. In any case where 2 or more stop lamps are fitted to a vehicle-
(a) they shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle;
(b)at least 2 shall be so designed that the light emitted thereby is emitted at the
same time and shall be fitted to the vehicle so that they are-
(i) symmetrically positioned on each side of the vertical plane passing
through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;
(ii) at the same height from the ground; and
(iii) in such positions that no part of the illuminated area of one such
lamp is nearer than 600 millimetres to any part of the illuminated area of the
other such lamp;
(e)the wiring required for the illumination of the lamps shall be so arranged
that in the event of any failure of a bulb in one of the lamps the other lamp
or lamps shall not thereby be extinguished.
9. Where a stop lamp fitted to a motor vehicle or to a trailer is capable of being
operated on either of 2 levels of illumination, it shall be wired in such a way that, when
the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor vehicle on which the stop
lamp is fitted, or of the motor vehicle which is towing the trailer on which the stop lamp
is fitted, are switched off, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the higher level of
illumination, and when the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor
vehicle are switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the lower level of illumina-
tion, so, however, that the foregoing provisions shall not preclude each stop lamp and
the obligatory front and obligatory rear lamps of the motor vehicle being wired in such
a way that, when such obligatory lamps are switched on and any front fog lamp on that
motor vehicle is switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the higher level of
illumination, and when such obligatory lamps are switched on but no front fog lamp is
switched on, the stop lamp when operated is lit at the lower level of illumination:





Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall apply to a stop lamp on a trailer which
is being towed by a motor vehicle which is not required to be fitted with stop lamps.

ELEVEN~H SCHEDULE [regs. 2, 119 and 120.]

PART 1

SIZE, COLOUR AND TYPE OF REAR MARKING

-41401 40

DIAGRAM 1
40

1400...

-1140 1140

DIAGRAM 2............... 140.m.

140
DIAGRAM 3

700........70Omm

COLOUR CODE

RED FLUORESCENT MATERIAL

YELLOW REFLEX REFLECTING MATERIAL

NOTE : The height of each half of the marking Shown in diagram 3 may be
reduced to a minimum of I&Omm. provided th. width is increased
so that each half of the marking has a minimum area of 250
square centimetres.

DIAGRAM 4

i -

EiLONGVEHIAlq A&
~pTE
E
DIAGRAM 5

3=E

VEHICL.
L-TEE
COLOUR cop

YELLOW REFLEX REFLECTING MATERIAL

SLACK





PART 11

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO FORM OF REAR klARKINGS

1. Any variation in a dimension (other than as to the height of a letter or
character) specified in any of the diagrams in Part 1 of this Schedule shall be treated as
permitted for the purposes of these regulations if the sariation-
(a)in the case ofa dimension so specified as 275 mm or as over 275 mm does
not exceed 2A% of that dimension:
(b)in the case of a dimension so specified as 16 nim or as over 16 mm but as
under 275 mm. does not exceed 5%0 of that dimensiow or
(e)in the case of a dimension so specified as under 16 ram. does not exceed 10%
of that dimension.
2. Any variation in a dimension as to the height of a letter or character
specified in any of the said diagrams shall be treated as permitted for the purposes of
these rcaulations if the variation-
(a)in the case of a dimension so specified as, 94 nim or as 141 nini. does not
exceed 21% ofthat dimension: or
(b)in the case of a dimension so specified as, 75 min or as 113 nim. does not
exceed 5% ofthat dimension.
3. Any Variation in a dimension as to the angle of hatching specified in ans of
the said diagrams shall be treated as permitted for the purposes dthese regulation's if
the variation does not exceed 5 degrees.

4. Every rear marking shall be illuminated by the use of red fluorescent
material in the stippled areas shown in any of the saia diagrams and b\ the use of
yellow reflex- re flecti n g material in any of the areas so shok% n. beinu, areas not stippled
and not constitutinc a letter.
5. E~ cry rear marking ofthe tx . pc shown in Diagrarn 1 or 4 in Part 1 shall he
constructed in the form ofa single plate, and ciery rear marking of the ty pc shown in
Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part 1 shall be constructed in the form of 2 plates'of equal size
and shape, and every such plate shall comply with any requirements laid do'A n by the
Commissioner.
6. The letters forming the words---LongVehicle- and the characters'.1~ Ilk- on
any rear marking shall be coloured black.

PART 111

PROVISIONS AS TO POSITION ON VEHICLE, MAINTENANCE, ETC. OF REAR MARKINGS

1. A rear marking shall be fitted at the rear ofthe vehicle.
2. A rear marking shall be securely attached to the vehicle so that no part of
the marking projects beyond the outermost part ofthe vehicle on either side.
3. The lower edge of every rear marking shall be horizontal and at a height of
not more than 1 700 mm nor less than 400 mm above the ground. whether the vehicle
is laden or unladen, and in the case ofthe rear marking ofthe type shown in Diagram
2. 3 or 5 in Part 1 the lower edge of each half of the marking shall be at the same height
above the g-round.
4. Every part of a rear marking shall lie within 20 degrees of a transverse
vertical plane at right an-Wes to the vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle so that-

(a)in the case ofthe rear marking ofthe type shown in Diagram 1 or 4 in Part 1.
the Vertical centre line of the rnarki na lies on that vertical plane through the
longitudinal axis ofthe vehicle~ and
(b)in the case of the rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part
1, each half of the marking lies in the same vertical plane and the innermost
vertical edges of each half of the marking are equidistant from the vertical
plane through the longitudinal axis ofthe vehicle.





5. A rear marking of the type shown in Diagram 2, 3 or 5 in Part 1 shall lie so
that each half of the marking is as near as is practicable to the outermost edge of the
vehicle on the side thereof on which it is fitted.
6. Every rear marking shall be so fitted that every part thereof is clearly visible
to other persons using the road within a reasonable distance to the rear of the vehicle
at all times, except while the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded if the Vehicle is so
constructed at the rear that it is impracticable for the marking,to be so fitted, without
undue expense or risk of damage to the marking.
7. Every rear marking shall be maintained in a clean and efficient condition
while the vehicle is on a road.

TWELFTH SCHEDULE [reg. 122.]

PART 1

PROVISIONS OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC (CONSTRUCTION AND USE)
REGULATIONS WHICH CORRESPOND WITH REGULATIONS 12, 16, 17, 20, 26, 28, 29,
65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 115 AND THE TENTH SCHEDULE

14. (1) Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with an efficient braking system
or efficient braking systems, in either case having two means of operation, so designed
and constructed that notwithstanding the failure of any part (other than a fixed
member or a brake shoe anchor pin), through or by means of which the force
necessary to apply the brakes is transmitted, there shall still remain available for
application by the driver brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions, to bring
the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance:
Provided that-
'a)in the event of failure as aforesaid it shall not be necessary for brakes to be
available for application by the driver in the case of a vehicle the weight
unladen of which does not exceed 1 ton and having less than 4 wheels, to
more than 1 wheel;
(b) this paragraph shall not apply to invalid carriages.
(2). In the case of a motor vehicle having more than 3 wheels. at least one means
of operation shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied to all the wheels of the
vehicle:
Provided that-
(a)in the case of an articulated vehicle it shall be deemed sufficient compliance
with this paragraph if the rearmost wheels are equipped with brakes capable
of being applied by some other means of operation;
(b)in the case of a vehicle having more than 2 steering wheels only half the
number of steering wheels shall be counted in all the wheels of the vehicle.
(3) The application of one means of operation shall not affect or operate the
pedal or hand lever of the other means of operation.
(4) No braking system shall be rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the
engine.
(5) All the brakes of a motor vehicle which are operated by one means of
operation shall be capable of being applied by direct mechanical action without the
intervention of any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device.

. (6) One at least of the means of operation required by this regulation shall be
capable of causing brakes to be applied directly and not through the transmission
gear to not less than half the number of wheels of the vehicle:
Provided that where a motor vehicle has more than 4 wheels and the drive is
transmitted to all wheels other than the steering wheels without interposition of a
differential driving gear or similar mechanism between the axles carrying the driving





wheels it shall be deemed to be sufficient compliance with this paragraph if the brakes
applied by one means of operation act directly on 2 driving wheels on opposite sides
of the vehicle and the brakes applied by the other means of operation act directly on
all other driving wheels.

(7) For the purpose of this regulation every moving shaft to which any part of
the braking system or any means of operation thereof is connected or by which it is
supported shall be deemed to be part of that system.

(8) Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a braking system (which may be
one of the systems required by this regulation) so designed and constructed that it can
at all times be set so as to prevent two at least, or in the case of a vehicle with only 3
wheels, one of the wheels from revolving when the vehicle is not being driven or is left
unattended:

Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to-
(a) motor cycles with or without side-cars attached; or

(b) invalid carriages.

(9) Every motor vehicle which is fitted with a servo braking system which
embodies a vacuum of pressure reservoir or reservoirs shall be provided with a
warning device so placed as to be readily visible to the driver of the vehicle when in the
driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure or deficiency in the vacuum or
pressure system.

16. (1) Every motor vehicle and every trailer shall be so constructed that the
entire weight of the vehicle and of the trailer, if any, is transmitted to the road surface
by wheels or by tracks, or by a combination of wheels and tracks:
Provided that-

(a)in the case of a track laying vehicle the parts of the track which come into
contact with the road surface shall be flat and have a minimum width of half
an inch. The total area of each track actually in contact with the road
surface at any one time shall not be less than 36 square inches in respect of
each ton of the weight unladen;

(b) a track laying motor tractor shall not draw any trailer.
(2) Every wheel of a motor vehicle other than a road roller and every wheel on a
trailer when the trailer is being drawn on a road other than a trailer used solely on
road repair work shall be equipped with pneumatic tyres of suitable size and design:
Provided that-

(a)this regulation shall not apply to the following motor vehicles or trailers if
they are equipped with tyres of soft or elastic material of a design and type
approved by the Commissioner on every wheel-
(i) a motor tractor;
(ii) a motor vehicle designed for use in works or on private premises and
used on a road only in passing from one part of the works or premises to
another or to works or premises in the immediate neighbourhood; and
(b)the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and conditions
and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of a motor
vehicle in contravention of this regulation.

(3) All wheels of a motor vehicle or trailer which are equipped with tyres other
than pneumatic tyres shall have a rim diameter of not less than 26 2 inches:
Provided that this regulation shall not apply to-

(a)any motor vehicle or trailer not exceeding 30 cwt. in weight unladen
designed for use in works or on private premises and used on a road only in
passing from one part of the works or premises to another or to works or
premises in the immediate neighbourhood;
(b) any mobile crane.
(4) Every wheel of a vehicle shall be truly circular accurately centred on its axle
and fitted to work thereon without oscillation or side play.











18. Every motor vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that the driver-

(a) has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls;

(b)while controlling the vehicle can at all times have a full view of the road and
traffic ahead of the motor vehicle.

19. The driver's seat of every vehicle shall be so placed as to permit him to give
by hand the usual traffic signals on the right or off side of the vehicle:

Provided that the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and
conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of a motor
vehicle which does not comply with this regulation.

21. (1) The glass of all windscreens and windows on the outside of every motor
vehicle shall be safety glass of such transparency that it does not obscure the view of
the interior of the vehicle.

(2) No alteration or addition shall be made to the windscreens and windows
referred to in paragraph (1) whereby the reflecting effect of the glass is increased.

22. Two efficient automatic windscreen wipers shall be fitted to the windscreen
of every motor vehicle unless the motor vehicle is so constructed that either-

(a)the driver, by opening the windscreen or otherwise. can obtain an adequate
view to the front of the vehicle without looking through the windscreen; or

(b)the driver can obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle even
though the vehicle is fitted with only one windscreen wiper.

25. ( 1) Not less than 2 stop lights shall be fitted at the back of-
(a) every motor vehicle except a motor cycle~ and

(h) every trailer which is being towed by a motor vehicle.

(2) Not less than 1 stop light shall be fitted at the back of every motor cycle.

(3) Every stop light shall be fitted so that the centre thereof is at a height not
exceeding 5 feet from the ground.

(4) If 2 or more stop lights are fitted at the back of a vehicle-

(a) 1 stop light shall be situated on the near side of the back of the vehicle; and

(b) a second stop light shall be situated on the ofr side of the back of the vehicle,
so that-
(i) no part of the vehicle extends laterally more than 12 inches beyond the
centres of the stop lights referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b); and
(ii) both the stop lights referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) are equidistant
from the centre of the back of the vehicle.

(5) When in operation every stop light shall show a steady red or amber light.

(6) Every light shown by a stop light shall be diffused by means of frosted glass
or any other adequate method.

(7) No person shall use a motor vehicle unless every stop light required under
this regulation to be fitted to it and to any trailer being towed by it is in good working
order.

39. (1) Every omnibus shall-be so constructed as to be capable of turning in
either direction in a circle not exceeding in diameter 66 feet. For the purpose of this
regulation such diameter shall be determined by reference to the extreme outer edge
of the wheel track at ground level:







Provided that the Commissioner by permit in writing, subject to such terms and
conditions and for such period as appears to him fit, may authorize the use of an
omnibus with a turning circle exceeding 66 feet but not exceeding 76 feet, if the
omnibus has a swept circle not exceeding 80 feet in diameter.





(2) In this regulation, the expression---sweptcircle--- means the circle traced at
ground level by a vertical line passing through any. part of the omnibus included in the
overall length and overall width of the omnibus.

56. (1) In every omnibus and every light bus-

(a)the top of the tread of the lowest step for any entrance or exit (other than an
emergency exit) shall not be more than 1 ~ inches or less than 10 inches
above the ground when the vehicle is empty;

(b) all steps shall be fitted with non-slip treads; and

(c)fixed steps shall in no case project laterally beyond the body of the vehicle,
unless they are so protected by the front wings or otherwise ~hat they, are not
liable to injure pedestrians.
(2) In every omnibus-

(a) the tread of each step shall be not less than 9 inches deep; and

(b) risers shall be not more than 11 inches in height.

57. In the case of a double-decked omnibus-
(a)the risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be closed
and no unguarded aperture shall be left at the top landing board:

(b)all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be fitted with
non-slip treads;

(c)the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the riser of the top step to
the vertical line passing through the nearest point of the scat opposite to the
top tread of the staircase. excluding any, grab rail which does not project
more than 3 inches from the back of the seat. shall not be less than 26 inches:

(d)the outer stringer of an outside staircase shall be so constructed. or a band
so placed, as to act as a screen to persons ascending or descending. and the
height of the outer guard rail shall not be less than 3 feet 3 inches above the
front of the tread of each step.

58. (1) On a single-decked omnibus and on the lower deck of every double-
decked omnibus, either-

(a)the deck of the vehicle shall communicate with the rear platform by means
of a doorless opening and the exit from the platform to the near side of the
vehicle shall be continuous with the exit to the rear of the vehicle: or
(b)there shall be not less than 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit)
which shall not both be situated on the same side of the vehicle.

(2) On a light bus there shall be either-
(a) not less than 2 exits (one of which may be an emergency exit) which shall-
(i) not both be situated on the same side of the vehicle; and
(5) be situated to the rear of the driver's scat; or
(b) one exit in the back of the vehicle.
(3) If there is access to the upper deck of an omnibus by means of an enclosed
staircase, an emergency exit shall be provided on the upper deck which-

(a) need not be provided with a staircase; and
(b) shall not be on the near side of the omnibus.

59. Every entrance and exit of an omnibus shall be at least 21 inches in width:
Provided that-
(a)where in accordance with proviso (a) to regulation 58(1) one exit only is
provided, the width of such exit measured along the rear of the vehicle need
not exceed 18 inches if the width of the exit to the side of the vehicle
complies with the preceding provisions of this regulation;





(b)the size of an emergency exit from the upper deck of an omnibus shall not be
less than 4 feet by 2 feet;
(e)where the same entrance is used for both the upper and the lower deck of an
omnibus no part of the entrance exclusive of a stanchion measured along the
near side of the vehicle shall be less than 36 inches in width.

59A. (1) Every entrance and every exit of a light bus shall, subject to
paragraph (2), be not less than 21 inches wide.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Commissioner may permit in writing
the use of a light bus the entrances or exits of which are less than 21 inches wide.

60. (1) Every entrance and exit door of an omnibus and of a light bus shall be
capable of being opened by one operation of the locking mechanism:
Provided that for the purpose of securing the vehicle when unattended it shall be
permissible to fit to any entrance or exit door a supplementary lock with or without a
detachable actuating mechanism if such lock is so designed and constructed that the
door can at all times be opened by a person inside the vehicle by one operation of the
ordinary locking mechanism.
(2) Door handles or levers to door catches shall be recessed or so designed and
fitted that they are not liable to be dislodged or to be operated accidentally. Where
any entrances are provided with doors which are intended to remain open when the
vehicle is in motion suitable fastenings shall be provided to hold such doors securely
open.
(3) A grab handle shall be fitted to each entrance or exit other than an
emergency exit toassist passengers in boarding or alighting from the omnibus or light
bus.
(4) All doors includinp those of emergency exits shall be so designed as to be
readily, opened in case of neid from both thjinside and the outside of the omnibus or
light bus.
(5) All doors shall open so as not to obstruct clear access to any entrance or exit
either from inside or from outside the omnibus or light bus. ,

61. (1) The means of operation of all emergency exits of-
(a) an omnibus: and
(h) a light bus.
shall be clearly indicated in English and in Chinese characters.
(2) All emergency exits shall-
(a) be clearly marked as such in English and in Chinese characters:
(b) be designed to open outwards;
(c) be easily accessible to the passengers; and
(d)be connected with any gangway by a passage which shall not be of less
dimensions than those prescribed in regulation 63(1) for a gangway. and
shall be so designed that a vertical line projected upwards at any point from
the centre line of the passage at floor level is laterally not less than 6 inches
from any part of the vehicle in the case of-
(i) an omnibus to a height of 4 feet 6 inches; and
(ii) a light bus to a height of 4 feet.
(3) The actuating mechanism of all emergency exits other than those fitted to an
upper deck of an omnibus shall be easily accessible to persons of normal height
standing on ground level outside the omnibus.

(4) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(d) a scat on the upper deck of an
omnibus placed below or in front of an emergency exit, shall be deemed to form part
of the passage.

62, (1) Subject to paragraph (2). there shall be unobstructed access from every
seat on-





(a) an omnibus; and

(b) a light bus,

to at least 2 exits from the vehicle or to 1 exit if only 1 exit is required by these
regulations.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any seats that are alongside the driver if
thereis access to them by an entrance other than the driver's entrance.

(3) Direct access shall be provided to the driver's seat either-
(a) from the ofr side of the vehicle; or
(b)by means of a passage which shall not be of less dimensions than those
p~escribed in regulation 63(1) for a gangway.

(4) No scat in an omnibus or light bus shall be fitted to a door so that when the
seat is in position for use it obstructs any passage to an exit or gangway required by
these regulations.

63. (1) The width ofeverv gangwayin an omnibus or light bus shall be not less
than 1 foot up to a height of 2 f~et 6 inches from the floor level and above that height
not less than 1 foot 1 inches and shall be so designed that a vertical line projected
upwards from the centre line of any gangway at floor level shall, to the height
prescribed in regulation 64 as the height of that gangway be laterally not less than 6
inches from any part of the omnibus or light bus other than the roof over the
gangway'.
(2) No part of any. gangway which serves as a joint means of access from any
entrance to both the upper and lower deck of an omnibus shall be less than 36 inches
in width.

(3) For the purpo~.es of this regulation 'hen any space in front of a seat is
required for the accommodation of seated passengers the space within 9 inches of the
scat shall not be taken into account in measurine the width of a gangway.

64. (1) The clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway
between the limits specified in paragraph (3) shall be as follows-

(a) in the case of a single-decked omnibus not less than 5 feet 8 inches;
(b)in the case of a double-decked omnibus not less than 5 feet 8 inches on both
decks: and

(c) in the case of a light bus not less than 4 feet 6 in ches.

(2) The clear height at every point along the centre line of any gangway shall,
outside the limits specified in paragraph (3), be not less than 4 inches lower than the
clear height prescribed in paragraph (1).

(3) The limits referred to in paragraph (1) extend from the front edge of the
foremost passenger seat adjacent to the gangway-to the front edge of the rearmost
passenger scat adjacent to the gangway.

65. (1) The supports of all seats in an omnibus and in a light bus shall be firmly
fixed in position and at least 15 inches measured in a straight line along the back of
each scat shall be allowed for each passenger.

(2) Every scat in an omnibus and in a light bus shall have a back rest so closed
or otherwise constructed as to prevent as far as possible the pockets of passenger
being picked.
(3) No part of the back rest of any seat placed lengthwise in an omAibus or light
bus shall be less than 54 inches from the corresponding part of the back rest of the
scat facing it.
(4) In an omnibus and in a light bus transverse seats shall be so fitted that-
(a)there is clear space of at least 26 inches in front of the whole length of the top
of the back rest of every seat, any handles or grips which do not project
more than 4 inches from the back rest being disregarded when measuring






the clear space herein referred to; and





(b)there is a clear space of at least 19 inches between any part of the front edge
of a seat and any part of any other scat which faces it.
(5) All passenger seats on omnibuses and light buses shall provide an adequate
degree of comfort with suitable seats and seat backs.
(6) Seats over a wheel arch shall not be placed in such a position as to cause
discomfort to passengers in an omnibus or light bus.
(7) IF any transverse seat on an omnibus is so placed that a passenger seated
upon it is liable to be thrown forward through an entrance or down a stairway an
effective screen or guard shall be placed so as to provide protection for any passenger
occupying the seat.
(8) No part of any seat on the left hand side of the driver of an omnibus or light
bus shall be in front of a line passing through the front edge of the driver's seat at
right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and any seat on the left of the
driver's seat and in line with it must face forward.

66. The shortest distance between the edge of any step well and a vertical plane
passing through the front edge of a seat of an omnibus shall not be less than 9 inches.

67. All glass used in the construction of-
(a) an omnibus; and
(b) a light bus,
shall be safety glass.

68. In the case of a single-decked omnibus with a permanent top or the lower
deck of a double-decked vehicle the side windows. when open. shall be adequately
guarded to a height of 39 inches from the floor.

71. (1) Every omnibus and light bus shall be-
(a)so designed that the driver has adequate room and can easily reach and
quickly operate the controls,
(b)so constructed and maintained that the accommodation for the driver is
weather-proof.. and
(c)provided with means to prevent light from the interior of the vehicle from
incomnioding the driver.
(2) [Deleled, L.N. 9511~69J.
(3) The accommodation for the driver of an omnibus shall be divided ofr by
means of a partition behind the driver's scat extending upwards not less than 30
inches from the floor level. and by a continuation of the partition, or guard rails on
the left of the driver not less than 18 inches from the centre of the steering wheel at any
point.

72. The steering pillar of an omnibus shall be on the right or ofF side of the
vehicle and the driver's scat shall be so placed as to permit him to give by hand the
usual traffic signals, on the ofr side of the vehicle.

73. (1) There shall not be any scat, gangway or passage on the right hand side
of the driver's seat in an omnibus or a light bus.
(2) The driver's scat of an omnibus and a light bus shall be capable of being
adjusted in relation to the steering wheel of the vehicle so that it can be moved from 12
inches to at least 16 inches from the steering wheel measured from the nearest point
on the periphery of the steering wheel to the nearest part of the back of the driver's
scat.
(3) In an omnibus and a light bus the centre of the driver's scat shall not be
ofFset more than 4 inches in relation to the centre of the steering wheel and adequate
comfort shall be provided for the driver.
(4) In an omnibus the driver's seat shall be adequately protected by guard rails
or a partition providing adequate room for the driver and being not less than 18
inches from the centre of the steering wheel at any point.





(5) Where passengers are carried on an omnibus on the left-hand side of the
driver a space of at least 18 inches from the centre of the steering column to the left
thereof shall be reserved for the driver. to be divided off from such passengers by
means of a solid partition at least 9 inches high from scat level and extending for the
whole depth of the seat.

(6) In every light bus the driver's seat shall be adequately protected by a
guardrail which-

(a) is situated to the left of the driver's scat:

(b) provides adequate room for the driver: and

(c) is at any point not less than 15 inches from the centre of the steering wheel.

PART II

PROVISIONS OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC (PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES) REGUILAT[O\.S
WHICH CORRESPOND WIII-1 REGILATIoNs 41. 42, 43 and 44

(in these regulations---Authority---means the Commissioner for Transport.)

17. (1) E%ery taxi shall be fitted With a taximeter of a clesien and construction
approved by the A~thority and Which in c\ cry respect complies w.1 th the prm isions of
these regulations.

(2) Every taximeter shall be fitted to the taxi in such position and in such
manner as may be approved by the Authority.

(3) No taximeter shall be fitted to a taxi Without the prior approlal of the
Authority.

(4) If the registered c' ner of a taxi removes the taximeter from a taxi or ceases
to use the taximeter, he shall notify the Authority u ithin 24 hours of such removal or
cessation.

18. (1) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that it ma~ be effectually. sealed
to the satisfaction of the Authority.

(2) Every taximeter shall be provided with an indicator (hereinafter referred to
as the 'flag') of a size not less than 2 inches by 1 inch showing the Words---forhire--- or
the word 'taxi*'.

(3) Every taximeter shall be so constructed that the flag can be placed in any
one of the following positions-

(a)the flag is raised in such manner that it is clearly Visible by any person
standing in front ofa taxi at a distance of not more than 20 yards and, at all
times during which the lights ofthe taxi are required to be illuminated, the
flag is adequately illuminated and the mechanism of the taximeter is not in
motion;

(b)the flag is lowered to the recording position in such manner that it is not
visible outside the taxi and the mechanism ofthe taximeter is in motion; and

(c)the flag is placed in the non-recording position in such manner that it is not
visible outside the taxi and the mechanism ofthe taximeter is not in motion.

19. (1) Every taximeter shall be-

(a)tested by the Authority before it is fitted to a taxi and at intervals of not
more than 6 months thereafter; and

(b) stamped and sealed by the Authority after every such test.







(2) The registered owner of every taxi shall cause the taxi to be made available
at such place and time as the Authority may from time to time require for the purpose
of inspecting, testing and regulating the taximeter fitted therein.





20. (1) Every taxi shall be provided with a lamp so placed on the taximeter as
to render the readings on the dial of the taximeter easily legible at all times of the day
and night and such lamp shall be maintained in proper working order and condition.

(2) The driver shall keep such lamp properly lit through any part of a hiring
which is during such time as the lights on the taxi are required to be illuminated and
shall light such lamp during a hiring at any other time at the request of a hirer so as to
enable the hirer to read the dial of the taximeter.
L.N. 286/83. Citation and commencement. (*9.9.83) Interpretation. (Cap. 374, sub. leg) (Cap. 374, sub. leg) (Cap. 374, sub. leg) Eleventh schedule. Application. (Cap. 374, sub. Leg) Power of Commissioner to exempt. Construction and maintenance. maximum dimensions of vehicels. First Schedule. Maximum weight of vehicles. Second Schedule. Second Schedule. Overhang. Motive power. Power to weight ratio. Body. Turning circle. Variation of wheel load. Axle loading. Suspension. Brakes. Parking brake. Vacuum or pressure braking systems. Wheels and tracks. Tyre of soft or elastic material. Tyres. Steering. Speed indicators. Ability to reverse. Driver's accommodation. Passenger seating capacity. Third Schedule. Safety glass or safety glazing. Windscreen wipers and washers. Silencers. Smoke, etc. Fourth Schedule. Emission of gaseous pollutants, positive-ignition engine. Fifth Schedule. Fifth Schedule. Emission of gaseous pollutants, compression-ignition engine. Fifth Schedule. Vehicles to which reguations 32 and 33 do not apply. Mudguards. Mascots and other attachments. Television sets. Warning instruments. Reflecting mirrors. Construction of fuel tank. Taximeter. Construction of taximeter. Taximeter drive. Sealing and testing of taximeters. Taxis to have illuminated signs and markings. Platers on taxis. Sixth Schedule. Sixth Schedule. Painting of vehicles. (Cap. 230.) markings on buses. Markings on public light buses and private light buses. Additional markings on public light buses. Signs on private light buses carrying students, etc. Maintenance of makings and painting of certain vehicles. Prohibition marking and painting of vehicles other than buses and taxis. Markings on buses, light buses and taxis. Stability. Side overhang. Guard rails. Brake and steering connexions. Hub projection. Fuel tanks, carburettors, etc. on buses and light buses. Exhaust pipes on buses and light buses. Locking of nuts. Artificial lighting. Electrical equipment. Steps. Platforms and stairs. Entrances and exits on buses. Entrances and exits on buses. Doors. Marking, positioning and operation of emergency exits. Access to exits. Width of gangways. Height of gangways. Passenger seats. Standing passengers. Ventilation. Drivers's accommodation. Windows to be guarded. Windows to be guarded. Luggage racks. Markings on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles. Exhaust pipe on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles. Passenger accommodation on goods vehicels and special purpose vehicles. Markings on trailers. Brakers on trailers. Mudguards on trailers. Brakes on motor cycles, motor tricycles and invalid carriages. Tyres and brakes on pedestrain controlled vehicles. Brakes on bicycles and tricycles. Warning instrument on bicycles and tricycles. Obligatory front lamps. Character of front lamps. Position of obligatory front lamps. Restriction on the nature of lamps to be carried. Multi-purpose lamps and combined lamps and reflectors. Restriction of movement, etc. of lamps. Markings of electric bulbs in front lamps and of front sealed beam lamps. Obligatory headlamps. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 2 or 3 wheels. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 4 or more wheels. Single units for obligatory front and headlamps. Requirements for every obligatory headlamp. Requirements for every matched pair of obligatory headlamps. Colour of headlamp beams. Obligatory rear lamps. Seventh Schedule. Character of obligatory rear lamps. Reversing lamps. Obligatory reflectors. Eighth Schedule. Character of reflectors. Front corner marker lamps. Side marker lamps. Character of front corner and side marker lamps. Amber lamps on certain vehicles. Blue lamps for ambulance vehicles. Lamps for illuminating accident and breakdown scenes. Ninth Scheduel. Stop lamps. Tenth Schedule. Maintenance of direction indicators and stop lamps. Hazard warning device. Application. Fitting of rear markings. Eleventh Schedule. Alternative provision for fitting of rear markings. Eleventh Schedule. Offences. Transitional provisions. Tenth Schedule. (Cap. 220, sub. leg.) Twelfth Schedule. (cap. 220, sub. leg.) (Cap. 220, sub. leg.) Twelfth Schedule Revocation (Cap. 220, sub. leg) Brakers. Wheels. Drives's accommodation. Placing of driver's seat. Safety glass. Windscreen wiper. Stop lights. Turning circle. Steps. Steps in case of doublke-decked omnibuses. Number and position of entrances and exits. Width of entrances and exits. Width of entrances on light buses. Doors. Emergency exit. Acces to exits. Width of gangways. Height of gangways. Seats. Step wells. Safety glass. Side windows. Driver's accommodation. Steering pillar. Driver's seat. Taximeter. Construction of taximeter. Sealing and testing of taximeters. Lighting of taximeter.

L.N. 286/83. Citation and commencement. (*9.9.83) Interpretation. (Cap. 374, sub. leg) (Cap. 374, sub. leg) (Cap. 374, sub. leg) Eleventh schedule. Application. (Cap. 374, sub. Leg) Power of Commissioner to exempt. Construction and maintenance. maximum dimensions of vehicels. First Schedule. Maximum weight of vehicles. Second Schedule. Second Schedule. Overhang. Motive power. Power to weight ratio. Body. Turning circle. Variation of wheel load. Axle loading. Suspension. Brakes. Parking brake. Vacuum or pressure braking systems. Wheels and tracks. Tyre of soft or elastic material. Tyres. Steering. Speed indicators. Ability to reverse. Driver's accommodation. Passenger seating capacity. Third Schedule. Safety glass or safety glazing. Windscreen wipers and washers. Silencers. Smoke, etc. Fourth Schedule. Emission of gaseous pollutants, positive-ignition engine. Fifth Schedule. Fifth Schedule. Emission of gaseous pollutants, compression-ignition engine. Fifth Schedule. Vehicles to which reguations 32 and 33 do not apply. Mudguards. Mascots and other attachments. Television sets. Warning instruments. Reflecting mirrors. Construction of fuel tank. Taximeter. Construction of taximeter. Taximeter drive. Sealing and testing of taximeters. Taxis to have illuminated signs and markings. Platers on taxis. Sixth Schedule. Sixth Schedule. Painting of vehicles. (Cap. 230.) markings on buses. Markings on public light buses and private light buses. Additional markings on public light buses. Signs on private light buses carrying students, etc. Maintenance of makings and painting of certain vehicles. Prohibition marking and painting of vehicles other than buses and taxis. Markings on buses, light buses and taxis. Stability. Side overhang. Guard rails. Brake and steering connexions. Hub projection. Fuel tanks, carburettors, etc. on buses and light buses. Exhaust pipes on buses and light buses. Locking of nuts. Artificial lighting. Electrical equipment. Steps. Platforms and stairs. Entrances and exits on buses. Entrances and exits on buses. Doors. Marking, positioning and operation of emergency exits. Access to exits. Width of gangways. Height of gangways. Passenger seats. Standing passengers. Ventilation. Drivers's accommodation. Windows to be guarded. Windows to be guarded. Luggage racks. Markings on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles. Exhaust pipe on goods vehicles and special purpose vehicles. Passenger accommodation on goods vehicels and special purpose vehicles. Markings on trailers. Brakers on trailers. Mudguards on trailers. Brakes on motor cycles, motor tricycles and invalid carriages. Tyres and brakes on pedestrain controlled vehicles. Brakes on bicycles and tricycles. Warning instrument on bicycles and tricycles. Obligatory front lamps. Character of front lamps. Position of obligatory front lamps. Restriction on the nature of lamps to be carried. Multi-purpose lamps and combined lamps and reflectors. Restriction of movement, etc. of lamps. Markings of electric bulbs in front lamps and of front sealed beam lamps. Obligatory headlamps. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 2 or 3 wheels. Headlamps to be carried by vehicles with 4 or more wheels. Single units for obligatory front and headlamps. Requirements for every obligatory headlamp. Requirements for every matched pair of obligatory headlamps. Colour of headlamp beams. Obligatory rear lamps. Seventh Schedule. Character of obligatory rear lamps. Reversing lamps. Obligatory reflectors. Eighth Schedule. Character of reflectors. Front corner marker lamps. Side marker lamps. Character of front corner and side marker lamps. Amber lamps on certain vehicles. Blue lamps for ambulance vehicles. Lamps for illuminating accident and breakdown scenes. Ninth Scheduel. Stop lamps. Tenth Schedule. Maintenance of direction indicators and stop lamps. Hazard warning device. Application. Fitting of rear markings. Eleventh Schedule. Alternative provision for fitting of rear markings. Eleventh Schedule. Offences. Transitional provisions. Tenth Schedule. (Cap. 220, sub. leg.) Twelfth Schedule. (cap. 220, sub. leg.) (Cap. 220, sub. leg.) Twelfth Schedule Revocation (Cap. 220, sub. leg) Brakers. Wheels. Drives's accommodation. Placing of driver's seat. Safety glass. Windscreen wiper. Stop lights. Turning circle. Steps. Steps in case of doublke-decked omnibuses. Number and position of entrances and exits. Width of entrances and exits. Width of entrances on light buses. Doors. Emergency exit. Acces to exits. Width of gangways. Height of gangways. Seats. Step wells. Safety glass. Side windows. Driver's accommodation. Steering pillar. Driver's seat. Taximeter. Construction of taximeter. Sealing and testing of taximeters. Lighting of taximeter.

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