MERCHANT SHIPPING (SAFETY) (SIGNALS OF DISTRESS AND PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS) REGULATIONS

MERCHANT SHIPPING (SAFETY) (SIGNALS OF DISTRESS AND PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS) REGULATIONS

MERCHANT SHIPPING (SAFETY) (SIGNALS OF DISTRESS AND
PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS) REGULATIONS

(Cap. 369, sections 93, 100 and 107)

[19 May 1989]


L.N. 140 of 1989 - L.N. 365 of 1989

1. Citation

These regulations may be cited as the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Signals

of Distress and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations.

2. Interpretation

(1) In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires

'appropriate authority' means, in relation to Hong Kong the Director of Marine, and
in relation to any other country the authority responsible under the law of that
country for promoting the safety of life at sea and the avoidance of collisions;

'date of entry into force of these regulations' (in rule 38 of the International
Regulations) means

(a) in the case of ships registered in Hong Kong, 15 July 1977; and

(b)in the case of ships registered outside Hong Kong the date of entry
into force of the International Regulations for the State whose flag
the ship is entitled to fly;

'International Regulations' means the International Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea 1972 as amended by Resolution A464(XII) of the Inter-
governmental Maritime Consultative Organization and Resolution A.626(15) of
the International Maritime Organization and set out in the Schedule; (L.N. 365
of 1989)

'Merchant Shipping Notice- means a Notice described as such and issued by the
Department of Transport of the United Kingdorn,

'Notice to Mariners' means an Admiralty Notice to Mariners published in the
United Kingdom by the Hydrographer of the Navy;

'Organization' means the International Maritime Organization.

(2) Any reference in the International Regulations to the traffic

separation schemes adopted by the Organization (referred to in rules 1(d) and 10(a)
of those regulations) is a reference to the schemes specified in Notice to Mariners
No. 17 of 1983 as having been so adopted and shall include a reference to any
document amending those schemes which is considered by the Secretary of State in
the United Kingdom to be relevant from time to time and specified in a Notice to
Mariners.





(3) The diagram mentioned in paragraph 7 of Annex 1, to the International
Regulations shall be the diagram specified in the Chromaticity Chart (1975)
published by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).

(4) The reference to the International Code of Signals in paragraph 3 of Annex
IV to the International Regulations is a reference to the International Code of
Signals (1969) published in the United Kingdom by Her Majesty's Stationery
Office, and the reference to the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual in that
paragraph is a reference to the manual of that name published in 1980 by the
Organization; and such references include a reference to any document amending
either of those publications which is considered by the Secretary of State in the
United Kingdom to be relevant from time to time and is specified in a Merchant
Shipping Notice.

3. Application

These regulations apply to all ships registered in Hong Kong wherever they
may be.

4. Signals of distress

The signals which shall be used by ships to which these regulations apply as
signals of distress are those set out in Annex IV to the International Regulations.

5. Collision Regulations

Ships to which these regulations apply shall comply with the provisions of the
International Regulations:

Provided that nothing in these regulations shall be taken to require compliance
by any ship or class of ships, which by virtue of rule 38 of the International
Regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith, with any of the provisions
of the International Regulations specified in paragraphs (a) to (h) inclusive of rule
38 thereof, at any time when, by virtue of that rule, that ship or class of ships may
be exempted from that provision.

SCHEDULE [-g. 2]

INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR
PREVENTING
COLLISIONS AT SEA 1972

(as amended by Resolution A464(XII) and Resolution A.626(15))(L.N.365of]989)





PART A. GENERAL

RULE 1

Application

(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected
therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.

(b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an
appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways
connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall
conform as closely as possible to these Rules.

(e)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by
the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes
or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect
to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a
fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as
possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized
elsewhere under these Rules.

(d)Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of
these Rules.

(e)Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special
construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules
with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as
well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel
shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc
of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-
signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest
possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel. (L.N. 365 of 1989)

RULE 2

Responsibility

(a)Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof,
from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of
any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the
special circumstances of the case.

(b)In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of
navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of
the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid
immediate danger.

RULE 3

General definitions

For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:

(a)The word 'vessel' includes every description of water craft, including nondisplacement
craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(b) The term 'power-driven vessel' means any vessel propelled by machinery.

(c)The term 'sailing vessel' means any vessel under sail provided that propelling
machinery, if fitted, is not being used.

(d)The term 'vessel engaged in fishing' means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or
other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include a vessel
fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict






manoeuvrability.





(e) The word 'seaplane' includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water.

(f)The term 'vessel not under command' means a vessel which through some exceptional
circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable
to keep out of the way of another vessel.

(g)The term 'vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre' means a vessel which from the
nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules
and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term 'vessels
restricted in their ability to manoeuvre' shall include but not be limited to:

(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine
cable or pipeline;

(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;

(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo
while underway;

(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of
aircraft; (v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;

(vi)a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel
and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.

(h)The term 'vessel constrained by her draught' means a power-driven vessel which,
because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is
severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. (L.N. 365
of 1989)

(i)The word 'underway' means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore,
or aground.

(j)The words 'length' and 'breadth' of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest
breadth.

(k)Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed
visually from the other.

(1)The term 'restricted visibility' means any condition in which visibility is restricted by
fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.

PART B. STEERING AND SAILING RULES

Section 1. Conduct of vessels in any condition of
visibility

RULE 4

Application

Rules in this Section apply in any condition of
visibility.

RULE 5

Look-out

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by
all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a
full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.

RULE 6

Safe speed







Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and
effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing
circumstances and conditions.





In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into
account:

(a) By all vessels:

(i) the state of visibility;

(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other
vessels;

(iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions;

(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back
scatter of her own lights;

(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;

(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water.

(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:

(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;

(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of
interference;

(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be
detected by radar at an adequate range;

(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used
to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.

RULE 7

Risk of Collision

(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances
and

conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be
deemed to exist.

(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including

long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or
equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.

(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty
radar

information.

(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among
those

taken into account:

(i)such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel
does not appreciably change;







(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident,
particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a
vessel at close range.

RULE 8

Action to avoid
collision

(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be

positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good
seamanship.

(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the

case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually
or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.

(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective
action

to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial
and does not result in another close-quarters situation.

(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at
a

safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other
vessel is finally past and clear.





(e)If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall
slacken her speed or take all way ofr by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.

(i) A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe
passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case,
take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other
vessel.

(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not
relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of
collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be
required by the Rules of this Part.

(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply
with the Rules of this Part when the 2 vessels are approaching one another so as to
involve risk of collision. (L.N. 365 of 1989)

RULE 9

Narrow channels

(a)A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near
to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe
and practicable.

(b)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage
of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.

(c)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating
within a narrow channel or fairway.

(d)A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the
passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The
latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the
intention of the crossing vessel.
(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to
be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to
overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed
in Rule 34(c)(i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing.
If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).

(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.

(f)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels
may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular
alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).

(g)Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow
channel.

RULE 10

Traffic separation
schemes

(a)This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does
not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule. (L.N. 365 of 1989)

(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:

(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for
that
lane;







(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone;

(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when
joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general
direction of traffic flow as practicable.





(c)A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lane-'. ut if obliged to do so
shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to ~he general direction
of traffic flow. (L.N. 365 of 1989)

(d)Inshore traffic zones shall not normally be used by through traffic which can safely use
the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However,
vessels of less than 20 m in length and sailing vessels may under all circumstances use
inshore traffic zones.

(e)A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not
normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:

(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.

(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do
so with particular caution.

(g)A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in
areas near its terminations.

(h)A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is
practicable.

(i)A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a
traffic lane.

(j)A vessel of less than 20 m in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage
of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

(k)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the
maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from
complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

(1)A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the
laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme,
is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the
operation.

Section H. Conduct of vessels in sight of one
another

RULE 11

Application

Rules in this Section apply to vessels in sight of one another.

RULE 12

Sailing vessels

(a) When 2 sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision,
one

of them shall keep out of the way of the other as
follows:

(i) when each has the wind on a difrerent side, the vessel which has the wind on the
port side shall keep out ofthe way ofthe other;

(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall
keep out ofthe way ofthe vessel which is to leeward;

(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot






determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or on
the starboard side, she shall keep out ofthe way ofthe other.

(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite
to

that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side
opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.





RULE 13

Overtaking

(a)Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections 1 and 11, any
vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken.

(b)A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a
direction more than 22.5' abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to
the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would he able to see only the sternlight of
that vessel but neither of her sidelights.

(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume
that this is the case and act accordingly.

(d)Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the 2 vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of
the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

RULE 14

Head-on situation

(a)When 2 power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so
as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall
pass on the port side of the other.

(b)Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly
ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a
line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the
other vessel.

(c)When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that
it does exist and act accordingly.

RULE 15

Crossing situation

When 2 power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which
has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances
of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel.

RULE 16

Action by give-way
vessel

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as
possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

RULE 17

Action by stand-on vessel
(a) (i) Where one of 2 vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and
speed.

(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre
alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of
the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules.





(b)When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so
close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone, she
shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision.

(c)A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation in accordance with
paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall,
if the circumstances of the case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own
port side.

(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.

RULE 18

Responsibilities between
vessels

Except where Rules 9, 10 and 13 otherwise require:

(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of..

(i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (iii) a
vessel engaged in fishing; (iv) a sailing vessel.

(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of..

(i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre; (iii) a
vessel engaged in fishing.

(c)A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way
of:

(i) a vessel not under command; (ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
(d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability
to manoeuvre shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe
passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28;

(ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution having
full regard to her special condition.

(e)A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid
impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she
shall comply with the Rules of this Part.

Section M. Conduct of vessels in restricted
visibility

RULE 19

Conduct of vessels in restricted
visibility

(a)This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when navigating in or near an
area of restricted visibility.

(b)Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions of restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready
for immediate manoeuvre.

(c)Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of
restricted visibility when complying with the Rules of Section 1 of this Part.







(d)A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another vessel shall determine if a
close-quarters situation is developing and/or risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take
avoiding action in ample time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration
of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided:

(i)an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a
vessel being overtaken;

(ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.





(e)Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist, every vessel
which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which
cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall
reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course. She shall if
necessary take all her way ofr and in any event navigate with extreme caution until
danger of collision is over.

PART C. LIGHTS AND SHAPES

RULE 20

Application

(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers.

(b)The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise, and during
such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken
for the lights specified in these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive
character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.

(c)The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to
sunset in restricted visibility and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is
deemed necessary.

(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day.

(e)The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with the provisions of
Annex I to these Regulations.

RULE 21

Definitions

(a)'Masthead light' means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the
vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 and so fixed as to
show the light from right ahead to 22.5 abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.

(b)'Sidelights' means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side
each showing an unbroken light over an are of the horizon of 112.5 and so fixed as to
show the light from the right ahead to 22.5 abaft the beam on its respective side. In a
vessel of less than 20 rn in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried
on the fore and aft cnetreline of the vessel.

(c)'Sternlight' means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an
unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 and so fixed as to show the light
67.51 from right aft on each side ofthe vessel.

(d)'Towing light' means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the 'sternlight'
defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule.

(e)'All-round light' means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of
36C.

'Flashing light- means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes
or more per minute.

RULE 22 22

Visibility of lights

The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as specified in paragraph 8 of
Annex 1 to these Regulations so as to be visible at the following minimum ranges:

(a) In vessels of 50 m or more in length:
-a masthead light, 6 miles;






-a sidelight, 3 miles;





-a sternlight. 3 miles;

-a towing light, 3 miles;

-a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles.

(b) In vessels of 12 m or more in length but less than 50 m in
length:

-a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less than 20 m,
3 miles;

-a sidelight, 2 miles;

-a sternlight 2 miles;

-a towing light, 2 miles;

-a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.

(c) In vessels of less than 12 m in length:

-a masthead light, 2 miles;

-a sidelight, 1 mile;

-a sternlight, 2 miles;

-a towing light, 2 miles;

-a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.

(d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed:

-a white all-round light, 3 miles.

RULE 23

Power-driven vessels
underway

(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit:

(i) a masthead light forward;

(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a
vessel of less than 50 m in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may
do so;

(iii) sidelights;

(iv) a sternlight.

(b) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the non-displacement mode shall, in addition to

the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow
light.
(c) (i) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 m in length may in lieu of the lights prescribed
in paragraph (a) of this Rule exhibit an all-round white light and sidelights;

(ii) a power-driven vessel of less than 7 m in length whose maximum speed does not
exceed 7 knots may in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule
exhibit an all-round white light and shall, if practicable, also exhibit sidelights;







(iii) the masthead light or all-round white light on a power-driven vessel of less than 12
m in length may be displaced from the fore and aft centreline of the vessel if
centreline fitting is not practicable, provided that the sidelights are combined in
one lantern which shall be carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel or
located as nearly as practicable in the same fore and aft line as the masthead light
or the all-round white light.

RULE 24

Towing and pushing

(a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (ii), 2 masthead lights in a vertical
line. When the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to
the after end of the tow exceeds 200 m, 3 such lights in a vertical line;

(ii) sidelights;

(iii) a sternlight;

(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the
sternlight;

(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 m, a diamond shape where it can best be
seen.





(b)When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a
composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights
prescribed in Rule 23.

(c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, except in the case of a

composite unit, shall exhibit:

(i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (ii), 2 masthead lights in a
vertical line;

(ii) sidelights;

(iii) a sternlight.

(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule applies shall also
comply

with Rule 23(a)(ii).

(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of this
Rule,

shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights;

(ii) a sternlight;

(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 m, a diamond shape where it can best be
seen. (f) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or pushed in a group
shall be

lighted as one vessel:

(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite unit, shall exhibit at the
forward end, sidelights;

(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and at the forward end,
sidelights.

(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or

objects being towed, shall exhibit:

(i) if it is less than 25 m in breadth, one all-round white light at or near the forward
end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light
at or near the forward end;

(ii) if it is 25 m or more in breadth, 2 additional all-round white lights at or near the
extremities of its breadth;

(iii) if it exceeds 100 m in length, additional all-round white lights between the lights
prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shall
not exceed 100 in;

(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the last vessel or object
being towed and if the length of the tow exceeds 200 m an additional diamond
shape where it can best be seen and located as far forward as is practicable.

(h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel or object being towed
to

exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (e) or (g) of this Rule, all possible
measures shall be taken to light the vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the






presence of such vessel or object.

(i) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel not normally engaged in

towing operations to display the lights presciibed in paragraph (a) or (c) of this Rule,
such vessel shall not be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another
vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible measures shall be taken
to indicate the nature of the relationship between the towing vessel and the vessel being
towed as authorized by Rule 36, in particular by illuminating the towline.

RULE 25

Sailing vessels underway and vessels
under oars

(a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit:

(i) sidelights;

(ii) a sternlight.

(b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 m in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a)
of this

Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it
can best be seen.

(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a)
of this

Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, 2 all-round
fights





in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights shall not be
exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this

Rule.
(d) (i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 m in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights
prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have
ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall
be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels,
but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern
showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent
collision.

(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit

forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.

RULE 26

Fishing vessels

(a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, shall exhibit only the lights

and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a

dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit:

(i) 2 all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a
shape consisting of 2 cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above
the other; a vessel of less than 20 in in length may instead of this shape exhibit a
basket;

(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less
than 50 rn in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this
paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit:

(i) 2 all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower white, or a
shape consisting of 2 cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the
other; a vessel of less than 20 rn in length may instead of this shape exhibit a
basket;

(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 m horizontally from the
vessel, an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this
paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing may

exhibit the additional signals described in Annex 11 to these
Regulations.

(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in

this Rule, but only those prescribed for a vessel of her
length.







RULE 27

Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to
manoeuvre

(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit:

(i) 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be
seen;

(ii) 2 balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen;

(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this
paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

(b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, except a vessel engaged in mine
clearance

operations, shall exhibit:

(i)3 all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and
lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white;

(ii) 3 shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of
these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond;





(iii) when making way through the water, a masthead light or lights, sidelights and a
sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i);

(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (i)
and (ii), the light, lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(e)A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the
towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall, in addition
to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a), exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed
in paragraph (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.

(d)A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre, shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (b)(i), (ii) and
(iii) of this Rule and shall in addition, when an obstruction exists, exhibit:

(i) 2 all-round red lights or 2 balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the
obstruction exists;

(ii) 2 all-round green lights or 2 diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on
which another vessel may pass;

when at anchor, the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the
lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30.

(e)Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to
exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall
be exhibited:

(i) 3 all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and
lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white;

(ii) a rigid replica of the International Code flag 'A' not less than 1 m in height.
Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility.

A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations shall in addition to the lights prescribed
for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at
anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate, exhibit 3 all-round green lights or 3 balls. One of
these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of
the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to
approach within 1000 m of the mineclearance vessel.

(g)Vessels of less than 12 m in length, except those engaged in diving operations, shall
not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule.

(h)The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring
assistance. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations.

RULE 28

Vessels constrained by their
draught

A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power-
driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen 3 all-round red lights in a vertical
line, or a cylinder.

RULE 29

Pilot vessels

(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit:

(i)at or near the masthead, 2 all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being white
and the lower red;







(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight;

(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the lights prescribed in subparagraph (i), the light,
lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30 for vessels at anchor.

(b)A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit the lights or shapes
prescribed for a similar vessel of her length.





RULE 30
30

Anchored vessels and vessels
aground

(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen:

(i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball;

(ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in subparagraph
(i), an all-round white light.

(b)A vessel of less than 50 m in length may exhibit an all-round white light where it can
best be seen instead of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule.

(e)A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 m and more in length shall, also use the
available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks.

(d)A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule
and in addition, where they can best he seen:

(i) 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line;

(ii) 3 balls in a vertical line.

(e)A vessel of less than 7 m in length, when at anchor, not in or near a narrow channel,
fairway or anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate, shall not be required to
exhibit the lights or shape prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule.

A vessel of less than 12 m in length, when aground, shall not be required to exhibit the
lights or shapes prescribed in paragraph (d)(i) and (ii) of this Rule.

RULE 31

Seaplanes

Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit fights and shapes of the characteristics
or in the positions prescribed in the Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as
closely similar in characteristics and position as is possible.

PART D. SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS

RULE 32

Definitions

(a)The word 'whistle' means any sound signalling appliance capable of producing the
prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in Annex 111 to these
Regulations.

(b) The term 'short blast means a blast of about one second's duration.

(c) The term 'prolonged blast' means a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds' duration.

RULE 33

Equipment for sound
signals

(a)A vessel of 12 m or more in length shall be provided with a whistle and a bell and a
vessel of 100 m or more in length shall, in addition, be provided with a gong, the tone
and sound of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong
shall comply with the specifications in Annex 111 to these Regulations. The bell or
gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the same respective sound






characteristics, provided that manual sounding ofthe prescribed signals shall always be
possible.

(b)A vessel of less than 12 m in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound signalling
appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she does not, she shall be
provided with some other means of making an efficient sound signal.





RULE

Manoeuvring and warning
signals

(a)When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway, when
manoeuvring as authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that manoeuvre by
the following signals on her whistle:

-one short blast to mean 'I am altering my course to starboard';
-2 short blasts to mean 'I am altering my course to port

-3 short blasts to mean 'I am operating astern propulsion'.

(b)Any vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule
by light signals, repeated as appropriate, whilst the manoeuvre is being carried out:

(i) these light signals shall have the following significance:

-one flash to mean 'I am altering my course to
starboard'; -2 flashes to mean 'I am altering my course to
port

-3 flashes to mean 'I am operating astern propulsion';

(ii) the duration of each flash shall be about one second, the interval between flashes
shall be about one second, and the interval between successive signals shall be not
less than 10 seconds;

(iii) the light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be an all-round white light, visible at a
minimum range of 5 miles, and shall comply with the provisions of Annex 1 to
these Regulations.

(c) When in sight of one another in a narrow channel or fairway:

(i) a vessel intending to overtake another shall in compliance with Rule 9(e)(i)
indicate her intention by the following signals on her whistle:

-2 prolonged blasts followed by one short blast to mean 'I intend to overtake you
on your starboard side';

-2 prolonged blasts followed by 2 short blasts to mean 'I intend to overtake you
on your port side';

(ii) the vessel about to be overtaken when acting in accordance with Rule 9(e)(i) shall
indicate her agreement by the following signal on her whistle:

---oneprolonged, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, in that order.

(d)When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from any cause
either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the other, or is in doubt
whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in
doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts
on the whistle. Such signal may be supplemented by a light signal of at least 5 short and
rapid flashes.

(e)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where other vessels may be
obscured by an intervening obstruction shall sound one prolonged blast. Such signal shall
be answered with a prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within
hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction.

if whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 m, one whistle
only shall be used for giving manoeuvring and warning signals.

RULE 35







Sound signals in restricted
visibility

In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in
this Rule shall be used as follows:

(a)A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall sound at intervals of not
more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast.

(b)A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way through the water shall
sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes 2 prolonged blasts in succession with an
interval of about 2 seconds between them

(c)A vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel
constrained by her draught, a sailing vessel, a vessel engaged in fishing and a vessel





engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the signals prescribed in
paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes 3 blasts
in succession, namely one prolonged followed by 2 short blasts.

(d)A vessel engaged in fishing, when at anchor, and a vessel restricted in her ability to
manoeuvre when carrying out her work at anchor, shall instead of the signals prescribed
in paragraph (g) of this Rule sound the signal prescribed in paragraph (c) of this Rule.

(e)A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel of the tow, if manned,
shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes sound 4 blasts in succession, namely one
prolonged followed by 3 short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made
immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.

When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are rigidly connected in a
composite unit they shall be regarded as a power-driven vessel and shall give the signals
prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule.

(g)A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the bell rapidly
for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 m or more in length the bell shall be sounded in
the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be
sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor
may in addition sound 3 blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one
short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an
approaching vessel.

(h)A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal prescribed in
paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give 3 separate and distinct strokes on
the bell immediately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may
in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.

(i)A vessel of less than 12 m in length shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned
signals but, if she does not, shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of
not more than 2 minutes.

A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to the signals prescribed
in paragraph (a), (b) or (g) of this Rule sound an identity signal consisting of 4 short
blasts.

RULE 36

Signals to attract
attention

If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel any vessel may make fight or sound
signals that cannot he mistaken for any signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct
the beam of her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any
vessel. Any light to attract the attention of another vessel shall be such that it cannot be
mistaken for any aid to navigation. For the purpose of this Rule the use of high intensity
intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights, shall be avoided.

RULE 37

Distress signals

When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or exhibit the signals
described in Annex IV to these Regulations.

PART E. EXEMPTIONS

RULE 38

Exemptions

Any vessel (or class of vessels) provided that she complies with the requirements of the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1960, the keel of which is laid or






which is





at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be
exempted from compliance therewith as follows:

(a)The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22, until 4 years after the date
of entry into force of these Regulations.

(b)The installation of lights with colour specifications as prescribed in paragraph 7 of
Annex 1 to these Regulations, until 4 years after the date of entry into force of these
Regulations.

(c)The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units and
rounding off measurement figures, permanent exemption.

(d ... (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 m in length,
resulting from the prescriptions of paragraph 3(a) of Annex 1 to these
Regulations, permanent exemption.

(ii) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 m or more in length,
resulting from the prescriptions of paragraph 3(a) of Annex 1 to these
Regulations, until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.

(e)The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of paragraph 2(b)
of Annex 1 to these Regulations, until 9 years after the date of entry into force of thew
Regulations.

(f) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of paragraphs 2(g) and
3(b) of Annex I to these Regulations, until 9 years after the date of entry into force of
these Regulations.

(g)The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex III to these
Regulations, until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations.

(h)The repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the prescription of paragraph 9(b)
of Annex 1 to these Regulations, permanent exemption.

ANNEX 1

Positioning and technical details of lights and
shapes

1. Definition

The term 'height above the hull' means height above the uppermost continuous deck. This
height shall be measured from the position vertically beneath the location of the light.

2. Vertical positioning and spacing of
lights

(a)On a power-driven vessel of 20 m or more in length the masthead lights shall he placed
as follows:

(i) the forward masthead light, or if only one masthead light is carried, then that light,
at a height above the hull of not less than 6 m, and, if the breadth of the vessel
exceeds 6 m, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so
however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than
12 m;

(ii) when 2 masthead lights are carried the after one shall be at least 4.5 m vertically
higher than the forward one.

(b)The vertical separation of masthead lights of power-driven vessels shall be such that in
all normal conditions of trim the after light will be seen over and separate from the
forward light at a distance of 1000 m from the stem when viewed from sea level.

(c)The masthead light of a power-driven vessel of 12 m but less than 20 m in length shall






be placed at a height above the gunwale of not less than 2.5 m.

(d)A power-driven vessel of less than 12 m in length may carry the uppermost light at a
height of less than 2.5 m above the gunwale. When however a masthead light is carried
in addition to sidelights and a sternlight or the all-round light prescribed in Rule 23(c)(i)
is carried in addition to sidelights, then such masthead light or all-round light shall be
carried at least 1 m higher than the sidelights. (L.N.365of 1989)

(e)One of the 2 or 3 masthead lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel when engaged in
towing or pushing another vessel shall be placed in the same position as either the
forward masthead light or the after masthead light; provided that, if carried on the
aftermast, the





lowest after masthead light shall be at least 4.5 m vertically higher than the forward
masthead light.

(i) The masthead light or lights prescribed in Rule 23(a) shall be so placed as to be
above and clear of all other lights and obstructions except as described in sub-
subparagraph (ii).

(ii) When it is impracticable to carry the all-round lights prescribed by Rule 27(b)(i) or
Rule 28 below the masthead lights, they may be carried above the after masthead
light(s) or vertically in between the forward masthead light(s) and after masthead
light(s), provided that in the latter case the requirement of paragraph 3(c) of this
Annex shall be complied with.

(g)The sidelights of a power-driven vessel shall be placed at a height above the hull not
greater than 314 of that of the forward masthead light. They shall not be so low as to
be interfered with by deck lights.

(h)The sidelights, if in a combined lantern and carried on a power-driven vessel of less
than 20 m in length, shall be placed not less than 1 m below the masthead light.

(i)When the Rules prescribe 2 or 3 lights to be carried in a vertical line, they shall be
spaced as follows:

(i)on a vessel of 20 m in length or more such lights shall be spaced not less than 2 m
apart, and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required,
be placed at a height of not less than 4 m above the hull;

(ii) on a vessel of less than 20 m in length such lights shall be spaced not less than 1 m
apart and the lowest of these lights shall, except where a towing light is required, be
placed at a height of not less than 2 m above the gunwale; (L.N. 365 of 1989)

(iii) when 3 lights are carried they shall be equally spaced.

(j)The lower of the 2 all-round lights prescribed for a vessel when engaged in fishing shall
be at a height above the sidelights not less than twice the distance between the 2
vertical lights.

(k)The forward anchor light prescribed in Rule 30(a)(i), when 2 are carried, shall not be
less than 4.5 m above the after one. On a vessel of 50 m or more in length this forward
anchor light shall be placed at a height of not less than 6 m above the hull.

3. Horizontal positioning and spacing of
fights

(a)When 2 masthead lights are prescribed for a power-driven vessel, the horizontal
distance between them shall not be less than one-half of the length of the vessel but
need not be more than 100 m. The forward light shall be placed not more than 1/4 of
the length of the vessel from the stem.

(b)On a power-driven vessel of 20 m or more in length the sidelights shall not be placed in
front of the forward masthead lights. They shall be placed at or near the side of the
vessel.

(c)When the lights prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) or Rule 28 are placed vertically between the
forward masthead light(s) and the after masthead light(s) these all-round lights shall be
placed at a horizontal distance of not less than 2 m from the fore and aft centreline of
the vessel in the athwartship direction.

4. Details of location of direction-indicating lights for
fishing vessels,

dredgers and vessels engaged in underwater operations

(a)The light indicating the direction of the outlying gear from a vessel engaged in fishing
as prescribed in Rule 26(c)(ii) shall be placed at a horizontal distance of not less than 2






m and not more than 6 m away from the 2 all-round red and white lights. This light
shall be placed not higher than the all-round white light prescribed in Rule 26(c)(i) and
not lower than the sidelights.

(b)The lights and shapes on a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations to
indicate the obstructed side and/or the side on which it is safe to pass, as prescribed in
Rule 27(d )(i) and (ii), shall be placed at the maximum practical horizontal distance, but
in no case less than 2 m, from the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii).
In no





case shall the upper of these lights or shapes be at a greater height than the lower of
the 3 lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 27(b)(i) and (ii).

5. Screens for
sidelights

The sidelights of vessels of 20 m or more in length shall be fitted with inboard screens
painted matt black, and meeting the requirements of paragraph 9 of this Annex. On vessels of
less than 20 m in length the sidelights, if necessary to meet the requirements of paragraph 9 of
this Annex, shall be fitted with inboard matt black screens. With a combined lantern, using a
single vertical filament and a very narrow division between the green and red sections, external
screens need not be fitted.

6. Shapes

(a) Shapes shall be black and of the following sizes:

(i) a ball shall have a diameter of not less than 0.6
m;

(ii) a cone shall have a base diameter of not less than 0.6 m and a height equal to its
diameter;

(iii) a cylinder shall have a diameter of at least 0.6 m and a height of twice its
diameter;

(iv)a diamond shape shall consist of 2 cones as defined in sub-subparagraph (ii) above
having a common base.

(b) The vertical distance between shapes shall be at least 1.5
m.

(c) In a vessel of less than 20 m in length shapes of lesser dimensions but commensurate with

the size of the vessel may be used and the distance apart may be correspondingly
reduced.

7. Colour specification of
lights

The chromaticity of all navigation lights shall conform to the following standards, which lie
within the boundaries of the area of the diagram specified for each colour by the International
Commission on Illumination (CIE).

The boundaries of the area for each colour are given by indicating the corner co-ordinates,

which are as follows:
(i) White
X 0.525 0.525 0.452 0.310 0.310 0.443
y 0.382 0.440 0.440 0.348 0.283 0.382
(ii) Green
X 0.028 0.009 0.300 0.203
y 0.385 0.723 0.511 0.356
(iii) Red
X 0.680 0.660 0.735 0.721
y 0.320 0.320 0.265 0.259
(iv) Yellow
X 0.612 0.618 0.575 0.575
y 0.382 0.382 0.425 0.406

8. Intensity of
light(a) The minimum luminous intensity of lights shall be calculated by using the
formula: 1 ... 3.43 x 106 x T x D2 x K-D







Where I is luminous intensity in candelas under service conditions,
T is threshold factor 2 x 10 ... 7 lux
D is range of visibility (luminous range) of the light in nautical miles,
K is atmospheric transmissivity.
For prescribed lights the value of K shall be 0.8, corresponding to a meteorological

visibility of approximately 13 nautical
miles.





(b) A selection of figures derived from the formula is given in the following table:

Range of visibility (luminous range) ofLuminous intensity of light in candelas for
light in nautical miles K 0.8

D
1 0.9
2 4.3
3 12
4 27
5 52
6 94

undue glare. This shall not be achieved by a variable control of the luminous
intensity.

9. Horizontal sectors

(a) (i) In the forward direction, sidelights as fitted on the vessel shall show the minimum
required intensifies. The intensities shall decrease to reach practical cut-off
between 1

and 31 outside the prescribed sectors.

(ii) For sternlights and masthead lights and at 22.5' abaft the beam for sidelights, the
minimum required intensities shall be maintained over the arc of the horizon up to 5'
within the limits of the sectors prescribed in Rule 21. From 5' within the prescribed
sectors the intensity may decrease by 50% up to the prescribed limits; it shall
decrease steadily to reach practical cut-ofr at not more than 5 outside the prescribed
sectors.

(b) All-round lights shall be so located as not to be obscured by masts, topmasts or structures

within angular sectors of more than 61, except anchor lights prescribed in Rule 30,
which need not be placed at an impracticable height above the hull.

10. Vertical sectors

(a) The vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted, with the exception of lights on sailing
vessels

under way shall ensure that:

(i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5* above
to 50 below the horizontal;

(ii) at least 60% of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 7.5 above to
7.5 below the horizontal.

(b) In the case of sailing vessels under way the vertical sectors of electric lights as fitted
shall

ensure that:

(i) at least the required minimum intensity is maintained at all angles from 5` above to
51 below the horizontal;

(ii) at least 50% of the required minimum intensity is maintained from 25' above to
25' below the horizontal.

(c) In the case of lights other than electric these specifications shall be met as closely as

possible.







(L.N. 365 of1989)

11. Intensity of non-electric
lights

Non-electric lights shall so far as practicable comply with the minimum intensities as
specified in the Table given in paragraph 8 of this Annex.

12. Manoeuvring
light

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2(f) of this Annex the manoeuvring light
described in Rule 34(b) shall be placed in the same fore and aft vertical plane as the masthead
light





or lights and, where practicable, at a minimum height of 2 m vertically above the forward
masthead light, provided that it shall be carried not less than 2 m vertically above or below the
after masthead light. On a vessel where only one masthead light is carried the manoeuvring light,
if fitted, shall be carried where it can best be seen, not less than 2 m vertically apart from the
masthead light.

13. Approval

The construction of lights and shapes and the installation of lights on board the vessel shall
be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled
to fly.

ANNEX 11

Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close
proximity

1. General

The lights mentioned herein shall, if exhibited in pursuance of Rule 26(d), be placed where
they can best be seen. They shall be at least 0.9 m apart but at a lower level than lights
prescribed in Rule 26(b)(i) and (c)(i). The lights shall be visible all round the horizon at a
distance of at least 1 mile but at a lesser distance than the lights prescribed by these Rules for
fishing vessels.

2. Signals for trawlers

(a) Vessels when engaged in trawling, whether using demersal or pelagic gear, may exhibit:

(i) when shooting their nets:

2 white lights in vertical
line;

(ii) when hauling their nets:

one white light over one red light in a vertical
line, (iii) when the net has come fast upon an
obstruction:

2 red lights in a vertical line.

(b) Each vessel engaged in pair trawling may exhibit:

(i) by night, a searchlight directed forward and in the direction of the other vessel of
the pair;

(ii) when shooting or hauling their nets or when their nets have come fast upon an
obstruction, the lights prescribed in subparagraph (a).

3. Signals for purse seiners

Vessels engaged in fishing with purse seine gear may exhibit 2 yellow lights in a vertical line.
These lights shall flash alternately every second and with equal light and occultation duration.
These lights may be exhibited only when the vessel is hampered by its fishing gear.

ANNEX Ill

Technical details of sound signal
appliances

1. Whistles

(a) Frequencies and range of audibility







The fundamental frequency ofthe signal shall fie within the range 70-700Hz

The range of audibility of the signal from a whistle shall be determined by those frequencies,
which may include the fundamental and/or one or more higher frequencies, which lie within the
range 180-700Hz (ñ 1%) and which provide the sound pressure levels specified in subparagraph
(e).





(b) Limits of fundamental
frequencies

To ensure a wide variety of whistle characteristics, the fundamental frequency of a whistle
shall be between the following limits:

(i) 70-200 Hz, for a vessel 200 m or more in
length;

(ii) 130-350 Hz, for a vessel 75 m but less than 200 m in
length;

(iii) 250-700 Hz, for a vessel less than 75 m in
length.

(e) Sound signal intensity and range of
audibility

A whistle fitted in a vessel shall provide, in the direction of maximum intensity of the
whistle and at a distance of 1 m from it, a sound pressure level in at least one 1/3rd-octave band
within the range of frequencies 180-700 Hz (ñ 1 ... of not less than the appropriate figure given
in the table below.

Length of vessel in metres 1/3rd-octave band level Audibility range
at 1 metre in dB referredin nautical miles
to 2 x 10-5N/M2

200 or more .............143 2
75 but less than 200 ....138 1.5
20 but less than 75 .....130 1
Less than 20 ............120 0.5

The range of audibility in the table above is for information and is approximately the range
at which a whistle may be heard on its forward axis with 90% probability in conditions of still air
on





2. Bell or gong

(a) Intensity of
signal

A bell or gong, or other device having similar sound characteristics shall produce a sound
pressure level of not less than 110 dB at a distance of 1 m from it.

(b) Construction

Bells and gongs shall be made of corrosion-resistant material and designed to give a clear
tone. The diameter of the mouth of the bell shall be not less than 300 min for vessels of 20 m
or more in length, and shall be not less than 200 mm for vessels of 12 m or more but of less
than 20 m in length.

Where practicable, a power-driven bell striker is recommended to ensure constant force but
manual operation shall be possible. The mass ofthe striker shall be not less than 3% ofthe mass
of the bell.

3. Approval

The construction of sound signal appliances, their performance and their installation on
board the vessel shall be to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the State whose flag
the vessel is entitled to fly.

ANNEX IV

Distress signals

1 ... The following signals, used or exhibited either together or separately, indicate distress and
need of assistance:

(a) a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

(b) a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus;

(c) rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals;

(d)a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting of the
group... ... ... ... ...(SOS) in the Morse Code;

(e) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting ofthe spoken word 'Mayday';

(f) the International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.;

(g)a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything
resembling a ball;

(h) flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.);

(i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light;

(j) a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke;

(k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side;

(1) the radiotelegraph alarm signal;

(m) the radiotelephone alarm signal;

(n) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons;

(o) approved signals transmitted by radiocommunication systems. (L.N.365of1989)

2. The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of indicating






distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which may be confused with any of
the above signals is prohibited.

3. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of Signals, the
Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals:

(a)a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other
appropriate symbol (for identification from the air);

(b) a dye marker.

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